Mastering Statistics and Data Analysis

Which scale of measurement categorizes data without any inherent order?

• Nominal

• Ordinal

• Interval

• Ratio

Which scale of measurement has a true zero point?

• Nominal

• Ordinal

• Interval

• Ratio

What is a common issue addressed by data management?

• Skewed distributions

• Missing values and outliers

• Overfitting in models

• Sampling bias

Which function in SPSS is used to group values into categories?

• Transform

• Compute

• Recode

• Split File

How can missing values be managed in a dataset?

• By ignoring them

• By imputing with mean

• By recoding them to zero

• By duplicating existing data

An extreme value that significantly deviates from the rest of the data is called:

• Outlier

• Missing value

• Range

• Kurtosis

Which statistic measures the central tendency of a dataset?

• Mean

• SD

• Range

• Skewness

What does the standard deviation indicate in a dataset?

• The average value

• The spread of values around the mean

• The range of the dataset

• The sum of squared differences

What is the purpose of calculating descriptive statistics?

• To infer conclusions about a population

• To summarize and describe data characteristics

• To test hypotheses

• To identify relationships between variables

Which type of chart is best for showing the proportion of categories?

• Pie chart

• Bar chart

• Histogram

• Line graph