A level Biology: transcription factors and gene regulation

What is the primary role of transcriptional factors in eukaryotic cells?

• To synthesise proteins directly

• To initiate or inhibit transcription

• To transport molecules across the cell membrane

• To degrade mRNA

Where do transcriptional factors move from and to in order to perform their function?

• From the nucleus to the cytoplasm

• From the cytoplasm to the nucleus

• From the cell membrane to the cytoplasm

• From the ribosome to the endoplasmic reticulum

What type of molecule is a transcriptional factor?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic acid

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

• To degrade DNA

• To synthesise mRNA

• To transport proteins

• To replicate DNA

What activates a transcriptional factor in the example provided?

• Glucose

• Estrogen

• Insulin

• Adrenaline

Why can estrogen diffuse through cell membranes?

• It is water-soluble

• It is a large molecule

• It is lipid-soluble

• It is charged

What happens to the transcriptional factor when estrogen binds to it?

• It becomes inactive

• It changes shape

• It degrades

• It leaves the cell

What must happen before RNA polymerase can bind to DNA?

• DNA must be degraded

• The transcriptional factor must bind to DNA

• The cell must divide

• The DNA must be replicated

What is the result of a transcriptional factor binding to DNA?

• DNA replication

• mRNA degradation

• Initiation of transcription

• Protein synthesis

What is the relationship between transcriptional factors and gene regulation?

• Transcriptional factors degrade genes

• Transcriptional factors regulate whether genes are turned on or off

• Transcriptional factors replicate genes

• Transcriptional factors synthesise genes