Exploring DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

What is the basic structural unit (monomer) of DNA?

• Amino acid

• Nucleotide

• Ribosome

• Codon

Which of the following base pairs is found in DNA according to Chargaff's rule?

• Adenine - Uracil

• Cytosine - Guanine

• Thymine - Uracil

• Adenine - Cytosine

What is the primary structural difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.

• DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.

• DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.

• DNA is made of ribose sugar, while RNA is made of deoxyribose sugar.

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• dRNA

Explain the central dogma of molecular biology.

• It describes the process of DNA replication.

• It explains how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

• It outlines the structure of the double helix.

• It details the process of cell division.

How does transcription differ from translation in protein synthesis?

• Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, while translation occurs in the nucleus.

• Transcription involves the synthesis of RNA from DNA, while translation involves the synthesis of proteins from RNA.

• Transcription involves the synthesis of proteins, while translation involves the synthesis of RNA.

• Transcription and translation are the same processes.

What role do codons play in the genetic code?

• They are the building blocks of DNA.

• They signal the start and stop of DNA replication.

• They specify which amino acids will be added during protein synthesis.

• They are enzymes that catalyze protein synthesis.

Given the mRNA sequence AUG-GCU-UGA, use a codon chart to determine the sequence of amino acids.

• Methionine - Alanine - Stop

• Alanine - Methionine - Stop

• Methionine - Glycine - Stop

• Glycine - Alanine - Stop

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Analyze how a mutation in a single nucleotide of a gene might affect the resulting protein.

• It will always result in a nonfunctional protein.

• It may change one amino acid, potentially altering protein function.

• It will have no effect on the protein.

• It will always result in a longer protein.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Design an experiment to demonstrate the process of transcription and translation in a laboratory setting.

• Use a microscope to observe cell division.

• Isolate DNA and RNA from cells and use labeled nucleotides to track RNA synthesis and protein production.

• Measure the pH of a solution.

• Count the number of cells in a culture.