Origin of Life EOC review SC.912.L.15.8

One of the accepted scientific theories describing the origin of life on Earth is known as chemical evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events would need to occur first for life to evolve?

• onset of photosynthesis

• origination of genetic material

• synthesis of organic molecules

• formation of the plasma membrane

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Which of the following conditions on early Earth most likely contributed to the formation of organic molecules?

• The presence of oxygen in the atmosphere

• High levels of volcanic activity and energy sources like lightning

• Low levels of solar radiation and a stable climate
  

• High levels of biodiversity and photosynthesis

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

What was the significance of the Miller and Urey experiment?

• It demonstrated that organic molecules could form under simulated early Earth conditions.

• It proved that life originated from non-living matter in the laboratory.

• It showed that DNA is the blueprint for all life forms.

• It disproved the theory of chemical evolution.
  

Which of the following best explains the concept of abiogenesis?

• Life originated from living organisms.

• Life originated from pre-existing organic molecules through chemical evolution.

• Organic molecules formed from photosynthesis.

• . Life originated from spontaneous generation in modern conditions.

Which of the following is an example of a scientific explanation?

• A claim that cannot be tested or falsified.

• A belief system that lacks empirical evidence.

• A hypothesis that is tested and supported by evidence.

• A statement based on anecdotal observations.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

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What role did energy sources, such as lightning and volcanic activity, play in the origin of life on Earth?

• They prevented the formation of organic molecules.

• They stabilized early life forms against environmental changes.

• They were used directly by early cells for photosynthesis.

• They provided the activation energy needed to form organic molecules.

Which of the following statements supports the endosymbiotic theory?.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and double membranes.
• Mitochondria are only found in plant cells.
• Chloroplasts are responsible for cellular respiration.
• Both mitochondria and chloroplasts lack membranes.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

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What does the theory of chemical evolution propose?

• . Organic molecules were synthesized through chemical reactions under early Earth conditions.

• Cells originated spontaneously from living organisms.

• Oxygen in the early atmosphere was crucial for the formation of life.

• Life began through a process of natural selection in complex organisms.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Which of the following criteria is necessary to evaluate a scientific claim about the origin of life?

• The claim must be widely accepted by the public.

• The claim must be based on logical reasoning and supported by evidence.

• . The claim must include supernatural explanations.

• The claim must be consistent with anecdotal observations.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which of the following statements best represents a characteristic of science?

• Scientific claims are based on personal beliefs and opinions.

• Science relies on repeatable experiments and observable evidence

• Science supports supernatural explanations of natural phenomena.

• Scientific theories are unchanging and cannot be revised.

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