GENERAL ANATOMY |EDITION 3.0 | OFFICIAL SAMS ACADEMY

A 70-year-old patient presents with nephrotic syndrome and Congo red-positive deposits in the kidney. Which protein is most likely involved in this systemic condition?

• A-beta

• AL (light chain)

• Tau protein

• Alpha-synuclein

In secondary amyloidosis, amyloid deposits consist of which protein precursor?

• Amyloid light chain (AL)

• Serum amyloid A protein (SAA)

• Transthyretin

• Beta-2 microglobulin

Which characteristic feature of amyloid is visible under polarized light after Congo red staining?

• Apple-green birefringence

• Basophilic granules

• Red fluorescence

• Golden-yellow pigmentation

Amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s disease is associated with deposition of which protein?

• Transthyretin

• A-beta

• Serum amyloid A

• Beta-2 microglobulin

Which organ is most commonly involved in systemic amyloidosis?

• Heart

• Brain

• Kidneys

• Liver

A 65-year-old patient suffers a stroke leading to brain tissue death. Which type of necrosis is most likely present?

• Coagulative

• Caseous

• Liquefactive

• Fat

Which of the following is a key difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

• Necrosis involves energy-dependent processes

• Apoptosis causes an inflammatory response

• Necrosis is associated with cell membrane rupture

• Apoptosis requires calcium influx

Which type of necrosis is characteristic of tuberculosis infections?

• Coagulative

• Liquefactive

• Caseous

• Fibrinoid

A 65-year-old man presents with myocardial infarction. Histological examination of the heart tissue shows coagulative necrosis. What is the hallmark of this type of necrosis?

• Preservation of tissue architecture

• Enzymatic digestion of tissue

• Liquefaction of dead cells

• Formation of granulomas

Which apoptotic pathway is activated by cytochrome c release from mitochondria?

• Intrinsic mitochondrial pathway

• Extrinsic death receptor pathway

• Caspase-independent pathway

• Necroptosis pathway