AP Psych Unit 7 Pre-Test

Angry with his professor because of a difficult exam, Martin returns home and takes out his anger on his best friend. Martin’s behavior illustrates

• projection

• reaction formation

• regression

• displacement

• I don't know

Projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, have been justifiably criticized as tools for assessing personality because

• they elicit only obvious information from the examinee

• they have not been found to be reliable and valid

• the stimuli for the tests are not standardized

• they provide a label for one’s psychological well-being

• I don't know

A therapist who is an adherent of the humanistic personality theory would most likely focus on which of the following?

• The underlying and consistent behavioral traits that differ across individuals

• Unconscious motives guiding people’s behavior

• The pursuit of self-actualization

• The influence of the beliefs about the self on behavior

• I don't know

Eleanor is interested in measuring how personalities differ. She statistically analyzes responses to personality surveys to determine what aspects of personality can best explain how people differ. Which of the following is the best theory of personality to explain Eleanor’s work?

• Trait

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

• Social-cognitive

• I don't know

Jorgas struggles with meeting new people. He is very shy and does not approach people at social events. Because of this, people assume he does not want to talk to them and they avoid him, which in turn reinforces Jorgas’ anxiety about approaching people. Jorgas’ situation illustrates which of the following principles?

• Locus of control

• Reciprocal determinism

• Implicit personality theory

• Learned helplessness

• I don't know

Victoria notices that when she believes she will be successful at a new task, she is often correct. Victoria’s beliefs reflect which of the following concepts?

• Self-efficacy

• Intrinsic motivation

• External attribution

• Instincts

• I don't know

Carla tutors other students because she likes to be helpful, whereas Jane tutors classmates strictly for pay. Their behaviors demonstrate the difference between

• primary and secondary drives

• instinctive and derived drives

• appetitive and aversive motivation

• intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

• I don't know

Tim decided he needed to lose some weight. He started dieting, but he was experiencing uncomfortable feelings of hunger when he fasted for several hours. He then began eating several small meals over the course of a day and stopped experiencing feelings of hunger. Which of the following concepts best explains why Tim was not able to maintain fasting as a part of his diet strategy?

• Yerkes-Dodson Law

• Homeostasis

• Reaction formation

• Instincts

• I don't know

On Diane’s first day of work she was offered a cookie. When she bit into the cookie, it tasted horrible, but because she wanted to make a good impression, Diane concealed her disgust and smiled instead. Diane’s reaction best illustrates

• display rules

• the facial feedback hypothesis

• social facilitation

• intrinsic motivation

• I don't know

Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that basic human emotions, such as sadness, are innate?

• Most individuals can distinguish between expressions of different basic emotions during the sensorimotor period.

• Basic emotions are understood and expressed in a similar fashion by individuals from diverse cultures.

• Most individuals can identify their own emotional states from their physiological symptoms and the context of their present situation.

• Infants and young animals cry when they are hungry.

• I don't know