Earth Science- Chapter 8 Test Review

Which of the following orbits has the greatest eccentricity?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

What is the orbital period for a planet whose orbit has a semimajor axis of 4 AU?

• 2 years

• 4 years

• 8 years

• 16 years

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Which of the following is NOT one of Kepler’s Laws of Motion for orbiting bodies?

• An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

• A planet orbits the Sun in an ellipse, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.

• A line connecting a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals.

• P² = a³, where P is the orbital period of the planet in years and a is the average distance of the planet from the central star in astronomical units (AU).

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Which is the most important factor in determining how long a star will live?

• color

• temperature

• composition

• mass

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

Elements heavier than iron

• were created during the Big Bang.

• are created in the supernova explosions of high-mass stars.

• are created by nuclear reactions in stars.

• can only be created in a lab.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

Planets are believed to form

• at the same time as the stars they orbit.

• millions of years after the stars they orbit.

• only around stars just like the Sun.

• around every star in the universe.

Where did the heavy elements that make up the bulk of Earth originate?

• supernova

• meteorites

• Big Bang

• the Sun

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

What is thought to be the age of the eight planets in our solar system relative to each other?

• The inner planets formed together first and the outer planets formed together later.

• The outer planets formed together first and the inner planets formed together later.

• They all formed at approximately the same time.

• They formed sequentially from Neptune inward to Mercury.

• They formed sequentially from the Sun outward with Neptune formed last.

Kepler’s Third Law of planetary motion describes a relationship between the

• shape of the planet’s orbit and the location of Sun.

• planet’s orbital velocity and its position in its orbit.

• distance from the Sun and the time it takes to complete one orbit.

• planet’s size and orbital velocity.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Which of these statements about Kepler’s Laws is true?

• A planet moves most rapidly when its orbit takes it closest to the Sun.

• The time that is required for a planet to complete an orbit is proportional to the square of its radius.

• Planets orbit clockwise around the Sun

• Planets travel in circular orbits.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4