Language Acquisition Theories

The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis states that:

• Learning and acquisition happen simultaneously.

• Acquisition is subconscious, while learning is a conscious process.

• Learning is faster than acquisition.

• Acquisition happens only in formal settings.

According to the Monitor Hypothesis, what is required for the monitor to function?

• Comprehensible input

• Time, focus on accuracy, and knowledge of rules

• Natural order of learning grammar

• Affective filter

The Affective Filter Hypothesis explains that:

• Motivation and confidence lower the affective filter.

• Grammar rules are acquired subconsciously.

• Feedback increases anxiety during learning.

• All learners acquire language in the same way.

What is the role of comprehensible input in Krashen’s Input Hypothesis?

• To ensure learners memorize vocabulary.

• To provide language slightly above the learner’s current level.

• To prevent learners from relying on conscious grammar rules.

• To lower the affective filter.

The Natural Order Hypothesis suggests that:

• Learners acquire grammatical structures in a fixed, predictable sequence.

• Learners memorize grammar rules faster when taught explicitly.

• Errors are corrected only when learners are ready.

• Input is less important than output.

Which of the following is not a key feature of the Output Hypothesis?

• Noticing gaps in knowledge

• Comprehensible input

• Hypothesis testing

• Metalinguistic reflection

What happens during hypothesis testing in the Output Hypothesis?

• Learners memorize new vocabulary.

• Learners test their language use to see if it is understood.

• Learners listen to native speakers.

• Teachers correct learners’ grammar mistakes.

Metalinguistic reflection involves:

• Repeating what a teacher says.

• Memorizing grammar rules.

• Thinking about and analyzing language use.

• Acquiring language subconsciously.

According to the Interaction Hypothesis, interaction improves language learning because:

• Learners can memorize grammar rules.

• Interaction provides opportunities to negotiate meaning and receive feedback.

• It focuses only on input, not output.

• It forces learners to rely on their affective filter.

What is the main role of feedback in the Interaction Hypothesis?

• To assess learners’ progress through tests.

• To help learners refine their output by correcting errors.

• To discourage errors in conversation.

• To ensure that learners memorize vocabulary.