John Science Unit 1

Give an example of a tissue in the human body.

• Skin

• Heart

• Brain

• Liver

Answer explanation

Skin is an example of a tissue in the human body, specifically epithelial tissue. The heart and liver are organs, while the brain is an organ made up of various tissues, making skin the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

Identify the organ in the human body responsible for breathing.

• Lungs

• Heart

• Brain

• Stomach

Answer explanation

The lungs are the primary organs responsible for breathing, allowing oxygen to enter the body and carbon dioxide to be expelled. The heart, brain, and stomach have different functions and do not directly facilitate the breathing process.

Place the following terms in order from least complex to most complex: tissue, organ system, cell, organ.

• Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System

• Organ, Cell, Tissue, Organ System

• Tissue, Cell, Organ System, Organ

• Organ System, Organ, Tissue, Cell

Answer explanation

The correct order from least complex to most complex is: Cell (basic unit of life), Tissue (group of cells), Organ (group of tissues), and Organ System (group of organs). Thus, the answer is Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System.

What is the main function of the nucleus?

• To store energy

• To hold chromosomes

• To produce proteins

• To transport nutrients

Answer explanation

The main function of the nucleus is to hold chromosomes, which contain the genetic information necessary for cell function and reproduction. Other options do not accurately describe the nucleus's primary role.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which type of cells have a cell wall, plant or animal cells?

• Animal cells

• Plant cells

• Both plant and animal cells

• Neither plant nor animal cells

Answer explanation

Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structure and support. In contrast, animal cells do not have a cell wall; they only have a flexible cell membrane. Therefore, the correct answer is plant cells.

What happens to nutrients like water, sugars, and proteins in a cell?

• They are expelled from the cell

• They enter the cell through the cell membrane

• They are stored in the nucleus

• They are converted into waste

Answer explanation

Nutrients like water, sugars, and proteins enter the cell through the cell membrane. This process is essential for cellular function, as these substances provide the necessary components for energy and growth.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

What is the main function of chloroplasts?

• Storage of nutrients

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular respiration

• Protein synthesis

Answer explanation

The main function of chloroplasts is photosynthesis, where they convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, essential for plant growth and energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

What pigment do chloroplasts contain that captures sunlight?

• Hemoglobin

• Melanin

• Chlorophyll

• Keratin

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing sunlight during photosynthesis. Hemoglobin and melanin are unrelated to this process, while keratin is a structural protein.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

What is the primary role of vacuoles in plant and animal cells?

• Photosynthesis

• Storage of water, nutrients, and waste

• Protein synthesis

• DNA replication

Answer explanation

The primary role of vacuoles in plant and animal cells is the storage of water, nutrients, and waste. They help maintain cell turgor pressure and store substances necessary for cellular functions.

Which type of cell has a cell wall?

• Animal cell

• Plant cell

• Both plant and animal cells

• Neither plant nor animal cells

Answer explanation

Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structure and support. In contrast, animal cells do not have a cell wall; they only have a flexible cell membrane. Therefore, the correct answer is plant cell.