Genomics & Big Data

Which of the following statements about euchromatin and heterochromatin is true?

• Euchromatin refers to the condensed and closed chromatin.

• Chromatin is more open in euchromatin and transcription is more active compared to the heterochromatin.

• Euchromatin contains centromeres and telomeres.

How long is our DNA if all DNA from one diploid cell is stitched together?

• 40 cm

• 4 m

• 14 m

Which of the following statements is true about histone modifications?

• Histone modifications are types of proteins that regulate gene expression.

• Methylation always works to promote gene expression (e.g. H3K4me3 and H3K27me3).(e.g.,

• Histone modification patterns (epignome) are the same in all cell types as the same sets of genes need to be expressed in all cell types for cells to function.

• There are at least 300 histone modifications identified to date that can be written, erased and read by proteins.

Which of the following statements is true about non-coding RNA?

• Non-coding RNAs are always short.

• Non-coding RNA is junk and don't have any functions.

• Non-coding RNA can have functions across multiple biological processes including regulation of transcription and translation.

Which of the following statements is true about repeats in the human genome?

• More than half of the human genome is repetitive, much of which are transposable elements, but none are transcribed.

• More than half of the human genome is repetitive, much of which are transposable elements, some of which are still active (transcribed). 

• There are more DNA transposons than retrotransposons in the human genome.

What percentage of the genome encodes for a protein?

• 0.1-0.2%

• 70-80%

• 10-20%

• 1-2%

Which of the following statements about the human genome reference is true? 

• T2T-CHM13 is the most up to date human genome reference, but it is not available on the UCSC genome browser yet.

• T2T-CHM13 is the most up to date human genome reference and it filled all the gaps in the heterochromatin but did not add any additional genes, not even predicted genes.

• GrCh38 is the most up to date human genome reference which still contains gaps in the heterochromatin such as centromeres and telomeres.

• T2T-CHM13 is the most up to date human genome reference that added almost 200 million base pairs of sequences since the previous reference, totalling to 3.055 billion bp.

Which sequencing application can be best used to measure how cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 virus during COVID infection?

• Whole-genome sequencing

• RNA-sequencing

• Viromal sequencing

• Metagenomics

Which sequencing technology is the only one that can sequence RNA directly, in other words without first converting it to cDNA?

• PacBio

• Oxford Nanopore

• Sanger

• Illumina

What does ChIP-seq determine?

• Which genomic regions the protein or histone modification is found (localised) at

• Genomics sequences, including SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)

• Expression level of genes or histone modifications

• What other protein or histone modifications it interacts with