Explain How Factors Such as Gravity, Friction, and Change in Mass Affect the Motion of Objects

A child rides a wagon down a hill. Eventually, the wagon comes to a stop. Which is most responsible for causing the wagon to stop?

• gravity acting on the wagon
• the mass of the wagon
• friction acting on the wagon
• the mass of the child

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Which best describes the force of gravity?

• a pushing force
• a pulling force
• a change in mass
• a change in speed

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Four different students take turns pushing a large, heavy ball on the school parking lot. What is the best way to determine which student used the most force to push the ball?

• compare the sizes of the students
• compare the ages of the students
• compare the distances that the ball rolled
• compare the number of times the ball was rolled

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Two identical balls are pushed with the same force. One ball is pushed along a flat surface and the other ball is pushed down a slanted surface. Which ball will travel faster and why?

• the ball on the flat surface, because of increased friction
• the ball on the flat surface, because of decreased gravity
• the ball on the slanted surface, because of increased gravity
• the ball on the slanted surface, because of decreased friction

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Sam is building a car to race down a ramp. The car weighs 100 grams. Which could Sam do to increase the speed of the car?

• increase the mass of the car
• decrease the mass of the car
• increase the friction on the ramp

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Jan has two identical magnets on her metal cabinet. She hangs a drawing using Magnet 1. She tries to hang a calendar using Magnet 2, but the calendar falls to the floor.
Which best explains why Magnet 1 can hold up the drawing but Magnet 2 is unable to hold up the calendar?

• The area near Magnet 1 has extra metal.
• The calendar is longer than the drawing.
• The area under Magnet 2 has more gravity.
• The calendar has a greater mass than the drawing.

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The gravitational force of the Sun is strong enough to hold all the planets of our solar system in orbit many millions of miles away. Which best describes why objects having far less mass on the surface of these planets are not pulled off and into the Sun?

• The objects have too little mass to be affected by the Sun.
• The objects have more mass on the planets than on the Sun.
• The objects are held by the greater combined gravity of all the planets.
• The objects are more strongly affected by the gravity of the planet on which they are found.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?

• the Sun’s gravity
• the Moon’s rotation
• Earth’s rotation
• Earth’s gravity

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

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Which is the best explanation of why the Moon revolves around Earth?

• The Moon has a thinner atmosphere than Earth.
• The Moon is too large to move away from Earth.
• The Moon is attracted by the gravity of Earth.
• The Moon has a smaller gravitational force than Earth

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Which is the best example of a pushing force that reduces the speed of an object?

• a bat hitting a baseball
• a brake rubbing against a wheel
• a pedal turning the wheels of a bicycle
• a skateboard wheel rolling against pavement