Where are genes found? What does a gene do?

• Genes are found in the cytoplasm; they produce energy.

• Genes are found in the DNA in the nucleus; they code for proteins.

• Genes are found in the ribosome; they synthesize lipids.

• Genes are found in the mitochondria; they store carbohydrates.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Distinguish between transcription and translation.

• Transcription occurs in the ribosome; translation occurs in the nucleus.

• Transcription involves DNA replication; translation involves protein synthesis.

• Transcription converts DNA to RNA; translation converts RNA to protein.

• Transcription is the process of cell division; translation is the process of cell growth.

Where does transcription take place? Where does translation take place?

• Transcription in the cytoplasm; translation in the nucleus.

• Transcription in the nucleus; translation in the cytoplasm.

• Transcription in the ribosome; translation in the mitochondria.

• Transcription in the Golgi apparatus; translation in the endoplasmic reticulum.

How does the ribosome know which proteins to make and how to make them?

• The ribosome uses DNA directly to make proteins.

• The ribosome uses mRNA sequences to determine protein synthesis.

• The ribosome uses lipids to determine protein synthesis.

• The ribosome uses carbohydrates to determine protein synthesis.

List the steps in protein synthesis.

• Replication, transcription, translation.

• Transcription and translation.

• Translation, folding, replication.

• Folding, replication, transcription.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

List 5 different kinds of proteins that might be made by the ribosomes.

• Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, structural proteins, transport proteins.

• Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, vitamins, minerals.

• Sugars, starches, fibers, fats, oils.

• Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Distinguish between a codon and an anticodon.

• A codon is a sequence of three DNA bases; an anticodon is a sequence of three RNA bases.

• A codon is a sequence of three RNA bases; an anticodon is a sequence of three tRNA bases.

• A codon is a sequence of three tRNA bases; an anticodon is a sequence of three DNA bases.

• A codon is a sequence of three amino acids; an anticodon is a sequence of three proteins.

A small segment of DNA has the following nitrogen base sequence: TAC CCT ACC ATT. Determine the complementary mRNA codons.

• AUG GGA UGG UAA

• UAC CCU ACC AUU

• ATG GGT TGG TAA

• TAG CCT AGG ATT

What amino acid is called for by the GGA codon?

• Glycine

• Alanine

• Serine

• Valine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A frameshift mutation involves the addition or deletion of a base in the nitrogen base sequence. What would happen if the G at the end of the AUG codon were deleted?

• The reading frame would shift, altering the entire protein sequence.

• Only the first amino acid would change.

• The protein would remain unchanged.

• The mRNA would be degraded immediately.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2