3.3.1

What is the term for the technique performed by using gel electrophoresis to identify an individual using a DNA sample?

• cloning

• gene therapy

• transformation

• DNA fingerprinting

Dogs are closely related to wolves. To support this statement, what type of testing or experiment would a scientist most likely carry out?

• compare wolf and dog DNA

• examine their social habits and record similarities

• feed them similar foods and see if they have similar diets

• determine whether a female dog will care for a wolf pup

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

The illustration below shows the results of gel electrophoresis of 4 different deer species. Which two species of deer are more closely related?

• 1 and 3

• 1 and 4

• 2 and 3

• 2 and 4

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What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes prior to gel electrophoresis?

• It allows the scientist to start with a very small sample of DNA.

• It allows the strands of DNA to be cut into various lengths for testing.

• It allows the DNA to be visible on the gel.

• It allows the DNA strands to be charged so the electrical current can send the strands through the gel.

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

• to make extra copies of chromosomes

• to cut DNA into fragments

• to inject DNA into cells

• to separate DNA fragments by size

Why do the fragments of DNA in gel electrophoresis travel away from the negative electrode?

• The DNA is positively charged.

• The DNA is negatively charged.

• The agarose gel is positively charged.

• The agarose gel is negatively charged.

A sample of DNA was taken from a crime scene and four different suspects. The gel electrophoresis below shows their profiles. Which suspect was most likely at the scene of the crime?

• Suspect 1

• Suspect 2

• Suspect 3

• Suspect 4

Which specific characteristic of DNA allows geneticists to identify people using DNA fingerprinting?

• The shape of the DNA molecule is unique to every person.

• The size of each chromosome is unique to every person.

• The number of chromosomes is unique to every person.

• The nucleotide sequence is unique to every person.

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When running different size fragments of DNA through a gel during electrophoresis, which is true about the sizes of the fragments of DNA?

• Longer fragments of DNA will run slower than shorter fragments of DNA.

• Shorter fragments of DNA will run slower than longer fragments of DNA.

• Fragments must be cut into the same size so that all fragments can be run at the same speed.

• Longer and shorter fragments will run at the same speed.

Gel electrophoresis can be used to analyze DNA. Which best represents a use of this process?

• to determine if the cell has made a mistake during translation

• to identify the sequence of DNA nitrogenous bases in a sample

• to compare DNA from two different individuals

• to provide the number of chromosomes present in an individual