AP Environmental Science

Which of the following is a way to potentially eliminate one of the greatest threats to the world's mangrove wetlands?

• Increase desalination to reduce effects of prolonged drought in mangroves

• Integrate ecologically sound shrimp aquacultural practices with mangrove management

• Construct dams in mangroves to increase sediment load and decrease pollution

• Employ irrigation methods to address potential desertification of mangrove habitats

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Approximately 60% of municipal solid waste in the United States is composed of some form of organic matter that could be composted. Every American generates approximately 2kg of waste every day. The amount of compostable waste that could be generated by one individual in a week would be closest to

• 0.6kg

• 1.2kg

• 4.2kg

• 8.4kg

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Which of the following would best be described as a point source of pollution from a farm?

• Nitrogenous fertilizers added to drip irrigation used for growing crops

• Runoff from the waste lagoons of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, which enters local waterways after a flooding event

• Tractors and harvesters burning fossil fuels are releasing carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides into the atmosphere

• Particulate matter from bare soil on plowed fields entering the atmosphere from wind

Which of the following statements best describes how the Clean Water Act legislation aims to protect wetlands from being lost?

• The Clean Water Act bans the draining of wetlands over five acres in size

• The Clean Water Act requires wetlands to be constructed to mitigate the effect of newly drained wetlands

• The Clean Water Act establishes standards for the quality of surface waters that must be continually monitored and reported

• The Clean Water Act prohibits the use of wetlands for development and construction

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Which of the following strategies will best help to protect mangrove habitats?

• Limiting coastal development and maintain a shoreline buffer zone

• Increasing aquaculture operations to reduce overfishing

• Increasing subsidies for hydroelectric dam construction

• Encouraging land use changes in areas surrounding mangroves to shift to agriculture

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Which of the following best describes the source of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that could accumulate in the tissues of a top predator?

• Methane and carbon dioxide released from livestock operations

• DDT and other pesticides that are sprayed to control for mosquitoes

• CFCs that are manufactured to be used as pesticides

• Sulfur dioxide released from coal-burning power plants

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According to the World Health Organization, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are found in nearly all tested organism tissues and environmental samples. Which characteristic of POPs accounts for their presence in living tissues and in environmental samples?

• POPs are lipophilic, which means that they can be stored in fatty tissues for long periods of time.

• POPs are released into the air, water, and land, which allows them to be transported and incorporated in multiple ways

• POPs are synthetic chemicals, so only humans and urban environments are exposed to the pollutants

• POPs are organic compounds, so they can biodegrade easily and move through various experiments

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Based on the data in the graph, which of the following solutions most likely led to the decrease in the amount of waste sent to landfills from 1990 to 2015 ?

• Increased composting of domestic waste

• Increased composting of e-waste

• Increased combustion of waste

• Increased recycling of waste

The table shows the number of brine shrimp that hatched over 72 hours in three different concentrations of salt water. All tanks had 50 eggs at the start of the study. Based on the data in the table, which of the following concentrations of sodium chloride is most toxic to brine shrimp?

• 0 mg/100mL

• 10mg/100mL

• 20mg/100mL

• 30mg/100mL

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In 1950, 1,710 tons of textile waste were sent to a landfill. In 2015, 10,530 tons of textile waste were sent to the same landfill. Calculate the percent change in textile waste sent to the landfill between 1950 and 2015.

• 515.8%

• 8.8%

• 83.8%

• 102.4%