Unit 1 AOS 2 - VCE PE

When considering the blood vessels that make up the vascular system, which of the following statements is true?

• Vasoconstriction will cause the blood vessels to increase blood flow to body parts.

• Arteries will contain higher concentrations of oxygen than veins

• Veins carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

• Diastolic blood pressure will usually be 40mmHG higher than systolic blood pressure

During inspiration, the

• diaphragm contracts and the intercostals relax

• intercostals contract and the diaphragm relaxes

• diaphragm contracts and the intercostals contract

• intercostals relax and the diaphragm relaxes

The arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff)

• Measures the amount of oxygen diffusing into the blood from the lungs

• Increases when venous pooling occurs during recovery

• Is an indirect measure of the difference in oxygen between the capillaries and muscles

• Increases linearly as exercise intensity increases

Steady state occyurs when

• Heart rate equals 220 minus age

• Oxygen supply to the muscles is able to keep up with oxygen demand

• Oxygen diffusion from the lungs to the pulmonary capillaries moves across concentration gradient

• there is a steady flow of oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying

• heart rate and respiratory rate

• stroke volume and heart rate

• systolic blood pressure and heart rate

• stroke volume and tidal volume

Hypothermia occurs when

• Exposure to cold environments results in excessive heat loss

• Core temperatures begin to rise when more blood flows to the heart and liver

• then body gains more heat than it loses

• muscles contract rapidly to produce higher temperatures

As exercise intensity increases, the tidal volume

• decreases inversely

• increases linearly up to VO2 max

• increases up to a finite amount reached submaximally

• decreases exponentially

Most of the carbon dioxide produced at the muscles is returned to the lungs to be exhaled via

• arteries

• plasma

• bronchioles

• haemoglobin

During gaseous exchange

• Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the capillaries and carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the alveoli

• oxygen moves from the capillaries into the alveoli and carbon dioxide moves from the alveoli into the capillaries.

• Carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the muscle and oxygen moves from the muscles into the capillaries

• Carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the arteries and oxygen moves from the veins into the capillaries

When describing the process of breathing, expiration is considered to be

• active

• passive

• autonomous

• pulmonary