Transfer and Conservation of Energy

A ball is sitting at the top of a ramp. As the ball rolls down the ramp, the potential energy of the ball decreases. What happens to the potential energy as the ball moves?

• It is lost as gravitational energy.

• It is converted to kinetic energy.

• It is destroyed as the ball moves.

• It is used to make the ball slow down.

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When a hand-held fan is turned on, the blades spin. Which diagram shows the energy conversion that is required to make the fan work?

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Gordon throws a baseball into the air. It rises, stops when it reaches its greatest height, and then falls back to the ground. At what point does kinetic energy convert to potential energy?

• When the baseball is rising.

• When the baseball is falling.

• Just after the baseball hits the ground.

• While the baseball is stopped in the air.

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A flashlight runs on a battery. If the light is left on, the battery runs out and the flashlight stops working. Which statement best describes what has happened to the battery’s energy?

• It has been destroyed.

• It has changed to potential energy.

• It has been stored as kinetic energy.

• It has changed to thermal energy and light energy.

Damon is a musician playing in a band. At the end of a song, he plucks a single guitar string. The string moves rapidly back and forth as shown in the figure. Which of these statements explains what happens to the kinetic energy of the moving string?

• All of the energy is changed into potential energy and stored.

• All of the energy is converted to sound energy and heat energy.

• The kinetic energy is destroyed as the string moves until none remains.

• Some of the energy is converted to sound energy and the rest is destroyed.

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This figure shows a bolt of lightning. After each lightning strike, thunder is heard. What does the thunder demonstrate about lightning?

• A lightning bolt releases light energy.

• A lightning bolt releases sound energy.

• A lightning bolt is caused by electrical energy.

• A lightning bolt is caused by chemical energy.

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A standard light bulb and an energy-efficient light bulb both receive 60 W of energy. Which statement is most likely true about the energy released by the energy-efficient light bulb?

• It releases less light energy and less thermal energy than the standard light bulb.

• It releases more light energy, but less thermal energy, than the standard light bulb.

• It releases less light energy, but more thermal energy, than the standard light bulb.

• It releases more light energy and more thermal energy than the standard light bulb.

On a cold winter day, Delia puts logs into a fireplace. Then she strikes a match and sets the logs on fire. As the fire burns, which two forms of energy are released?

• light and thermal

• chemical and light

• thermal and electrical

• electrical and chemical

When a space shuttle takes off, the chemical reactions of the fuel give the shuttle the kinetic energy to leave Earth’s atmosphere as shown in the figure. The kinetic energy of the space shuttle is less than the potential energy of the fuel used. Which statement best explains this idea?

• The potential energy is used to overcome Earth’s gravity.

• The potential energy is destroyed by the warmth of the reaction.

• The potential energy must be consumed to make the fuel burn.

• The potential energy is also converted to light, thermal energy, and sound energy.

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A lamp releases only light and thermal energy. The energy input of the lamp is 120 watts. Of that input, 80 watts is converted to light. How much energy is converted to thermal energy?

• exactly 40 watts

• exactly 80 watts

• less than 40 watts

• more than 40 watts