Ecosystems and Cycles of Matter

Fossil fuels are part of which of these cycles?

• carbon

• oxygen

• nitrogen

• phosphorus

Which two biogeochemical cycles depend directly on photosynthesis?

• the oxygen cycle and the carbon cycle

• the carbon cycle and the phosphorus cycle

• the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorus cycle

• the water cycle and the oxygen cycle

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Which process is part of the hydrologic cycle?

• sedimentation

• transpiration

• nitrification

• decomposition

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Which statement describes a difference between the nitrogen & carbon cycles?

• The carbon cycle involves only plants.

• The nitrogen cycle requires a process called fixation that is carried out by certain bacteria

• the nitrogen cycle occurs entirely in the ocean

• the carbon cycle requires that temperatures be above 80 F

Elements such as carbon can move through the environment and organisms in a cycle because living and nonliving things interact in __________.

• organisms

• ecosystems

• species

• cells

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Which cycle do humans have the biggest impact upon?

• Water cycle

• Carbon cycle

• Nitrogen cycle

• Phosphorus cycle

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Which cycle does NOT involve death & decomposition of organisms?

• Water cycle

• Nitrogen cycle

• Carbon cycle

• Phosphorus cycle

The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers:

• water to all organisms

• light energy to autotrophs

• CO2 to animals within the ecosystem

• chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem

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What happens during the process of nitrogen fixation?

• Bacteria change ammonium into nitrate.

• Bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia.

• Bacteria grow on nodules on plant roots

• Bacteria absorb ammonia and excrete ammonium.

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Bacteria are important in the nitrogen cycle because they __________.

• produce sugars that plants can use

• respire, returning carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

• help convert nitrogen into a form that organisms can use

• decay and eventually form fossil fuels