Nuclear Chemistry Radioisotopes Stability & Transmutation

In the reaction ²⁴₁₁Na →²⁴₁₂Mg + X, particle X is a

• A) positron

• B) electron

• C) proton

• D) neutron

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

In the reaction ²⁴₁₁Na →²⁴₁₂Mg + X, particle X is a

• alpha particle

• helium nuclei

• neutron

• beta particle

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

In the nuclear reaction represented below, what is particle X?

²³⁸ ₉₃Np → ²³⁸ ₉₄Pu + X

• An electron

• A proton

• A neutron

• A positron

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

The radioactive decay of the nucleus of an atom may produce more

• neutrons in the nucleus

• electrons in the nucleus

• protons in the nucleus

• atomic mass

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

If a nucleus after beta decay is ²³⁴₉₁Pa, what was the nucleus just before the release of the beta particle?

• ²³⁴₉₂U

• ²³⁸₉₁Pa

• ²³⁵₉₁Pa

• ²³⁴₉₀Th

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

When a radioactive nucleus emits a beta particle, the mass number of the nucleus will

• decrease

• increase

• remain the same

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

A medical lab has a 16-gram sample of a radioactive isotope. After 6.0 hours, it is found that 12 grams of the sample have decayed leaving 4 grams of the original material. What is the half-life of the isotope?

• 6 hours

• 2 hours

• 3 hours

• 12 hours

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Which describes the half-life of a radioactive element?

• the time for dangerous radiation to drop to 1/2 of the acceptable level

• the time for a nuclear reactor to produce 1/2 of its energy output

• the time required for 1/2 of the nuclei in a sample to disintegrate

• the time required to split a nucleus in half

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

After two hours, 1/16 of the initial amount of a radioactive isotope remains undecayed. What is the half-life of the isotope?

• 15 min

• 30 min

• 45 min

• 60 min

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Which isotope has a half-life of approximately 5700 years?

• Carbon-12

• Cobalt-60

• Carbon-14

• Cesium-137

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8