AP Biology Evolution

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of the following except

• a gene from an organism could theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

• all organisms have a common ancestor.

• DNA was the first genetic material.

• the same codons in different organisms usually translate into the same amino acids.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Introns are significant to biological evolution because

• their presence allows exons to be shuffled.

• they protect the mRNA from degeneration.

A mutation in which of the following parts of a gene is likely to be most damaging to a cell?

• intron

• exon

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of proteinʹs activity?

• It might substitute an amino acid in the active site.

• It might exchange one stop codon for another stop codon.

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Altering patterns of gene expression in prokaryotes would most likely serve the organismʹs survival in which of the following ways?

• allowing the organism to adjust to changes in environmental conditions

• organizing gene expression so that genes are expressed in a given order

• allowing environmental changes to alter the prokaryoteʹs genome

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?

• hydrogen

• ionic

• covalent

Which of the following best describes the concept of natural selection?

• A) Survival of the fittest

• B) Random mutation

• C) Genetic drift

• D) Artificial selection

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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In the context of evolution, what is the significance of homologous structures?

• A) They indicate common ancestry

• B) They are evidence of convergent evolution

• C) They are structures with similar functions

• D) They are unique to each species

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?

• A) Appendix

• B) Heart

• C) Lungs

• D) Brain

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What is the primary mechanism by which new alleles are introduced into a population?

• A) Mutation

• B) Genetic drift

• C) Natural selection

• D) Gene flow

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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