Cell Specialization

Cells differentiate to perform different functions because

• all genes are turned on inside that cell

• all genes are turned off inside that cell

• different genes are turned on inside that cell

• different genes are turned on or off inside that cell

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Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

• Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 

• Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 

• Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 

• A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 

Answer explanation

Muscle cells and blood cells differ in gene activation.

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What is cell differentiation?

• Process by which cells produce more cells

• Process by which cells become specialized

• Process by which cells become unspecialized

• Process by which cells die

Answer explanation

Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized, acquiring specific structures and functions.

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Which of the following best describes Specialized Cells?

• They can divide rapidly

• They are identical to all other cells in the organism

• They have specific structures and functions

• They are only found in cancerous cells

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These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

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Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many different kinds of specialized cells. This process is most directly influenced by

• DNA

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• ATP

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During the process of differentiation

• all sections of DNA are activated to determine the structure of a body cell

• ONLY ONE section of DNA are deactivated to determine the structure of a body cell

• only specific sections of DNA sequence are activated to determine the structure and functions of a body cell

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Unspecialized cells in our body that has the ability to differentiate into different types of cells are called

• specialized cells

• differentiated cells

• nerve cells

• stem cells

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Multicellular organism begin as one cell to undifferentiated masses of cells and ultimately have different type of cells due to

• different DNA

• deactivated DNA

• gene expression in specific parts of DNA

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Which is true about embryonic stem cells?

• They no longer divide, their cell type is set and cannot change.

• They can develop into only one type of cell.

• They can become any cell type in the body.

• They are found in adults.

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