Protein Synthesis

monomer

polypeptide

mRNA

DNA

Lys (K)

stop

Ile (I)

Phe (F)

mRNA nucleotides

DNA nucleotides

anticodons from tRNA

rRNA

nucleotides

mRNA

RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase

The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the nucleotide sequence (A, T, C, G). Mutations in the “conga line” order of amino acids will cause the protein to be nonfunctional.

The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the peptide sequence (P, Q, R, S). Alterations in the “conga line” order of amino acids will cause the protein to be unstable.

The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the sugar sequence (G, F, L, P). Variations in the “conga line” order of amino acids will cause the protein to be ineffective.

The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the enzyme sequence (E, N, Z, Y). Disruptions in the “conga line” order of amino acids will cause the protein to be misfolded.

type

size

age

color

number

cytoplasm -

nucleotides.

polypeptide -

sequence -

amino acid.

Proteins are made up of four different types of nucleotides.

Proteins are made up of twenty different kinds of amino acids.

Proteins are made up of hundreds different kinds of sugars.

Proteins are made up of ten different types of fatty acids.

Each protein stretches into a unique flat shape due to the size of the amino acids in its complex chain. This is how proteins can be most similar of the 4 macromolecules, coming in thousands of different shapes and sizes.

Each protein binds into a unique linear shape due to the number of the amino acids in its simple chain. This is how proteins can be most uniform of the 4 macromolecules, coming in thousands of different shapes and sizes.

Each protein folds into a unique three-dimensional shape due to the properties of the amino acids in its polypeptide chain. This is how proteins can be most diverse of the 4 macromolecules, coming in thousands of different shapes and sizes.

Each protein twists into a unique circular shape due to the sequence of the amino acids in its primary chain. This is how proteins can be most basic of the 4 macromolecules, coming in thousands of different shapes and sizes.