Hydrology Review

What source of energy below is the most important in driving the water cycle?

• Geothermal energy changes water to steam so condensation can occur

• Sunlight heats up Earth's surface water creating the process of evaporation

• Wind helps change surface water into water vapor during the process of evaporation

• Gravity is necessary to pull water downhill when it rains thus allowing water to flow into rivers and streams

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Refer to the diagram below of a student's lab setup of the water cycle. In this experiment, the total amount of water inside the container is measured at the beginning and then again after a full cycle has occurred. Which of the following best predicts the outcome of the experiment and explains why?

• The beginning amount of water in the container would be less than the ending amount of water in the container because the water evaporated, decreasing the water level.

• The beginning amount of water in the container would be more than ending amount of water in the container because the process of condensation increases the water level.

• The beginning and ending amounts of water in the container would be equal because the water that was evaporated increased the water level but then came back as precipitation which decreased the water level again

• The beginning and ending amounts of water in the container would be equal because the water that was evaporated decreased the water level but then came back as precipitation which increased the water level again.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

The diagram illustrates two types of currents are found in ocean waters.

Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why oceans have two types of currents?

• Surface currents are caused by wind whereas deep currents are caused by differences in density.

• Surface currents are caused by differences in density whereas deep currents are caused by wind.

• Surface currents are caused by temperature differences whereas deep currents are caused by changes in salinity.

• Surface currents are caused by changes in salinity whereas deep currents are caused by changes in temperature

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

High and low tides occur twice daily at regular intervals. Using the diagram, which of the following letters indicates where high tide is occurring and best explains why?

• Letters B and D indicate high tides, where the tidal bulges would occur because of the Coriolis Effect.

• Letters A and B indicate high tides, where the tidal bulges would occur because of the strong winds blowing across the oceans.

• Letters C and D indicate high tides, where the tidal bulges would occur because of the gravitational pull between the Earth and the moon

• Letters A and C indicate high tides, where the tidal bulges would occur because of the gravitational pull of the moon.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

The water table is located

• at the top of the saturated zone

• at the bottom of the saturated zone

• at the top of the unsaturated zone

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What term describes the ability to transmit water through connected pore spaces?

• Aquifer

• Permeability

• Porosity

• Water table

An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water?

• Reservoir

• Aquifer

• Groundwater

• Watershed

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

The water table is located

• at the top of the saturated zone

• at the bottom of the saturated zone

• at the top of the unsaturated zone

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

When it rains, a portion of the water seeps into the ground to replenish the Earth's

• unsaturated zone.

• water table.

• permeability.

• groundwater (aquifers).

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Flash flooding often occurs in city areas because:

• Runoff decreases during precipitation

• Groundwater storage is typically very large

• Roads, pavements, and buildings reduce the infiltration of water into the ground

• of infiltration and percolation

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-2