G7 Chapter 7 Ecology Beginning

What would happen if nitrogen-fixating bacteria were eliminated from the soils in an ecosystem?

• More usable nitrogen compounds would build up in soils causing too much growth of different plants.

• All nitrogen gas would stay in the atmosphere.

• Plants and animals would not get the nitrogen compounds they need to survive.

• Ecosystems would have too many usable nitrogen compounds, causing increased growth of animal populations.

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What best describes the pattern shown in this model?

• Energy is generated at each level.

• An equal amount of energy is available at each level.

• Most of the energy at a trophic level passes to the next level.

• A small amount of the energy at trophic level is passed to the next level.

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The increase in temperature will affect the water cycle by:

• increasing evaporation rates

• decreasing precipitation

• stabilizing water levels

• having no effect

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Decomposition is an important process in many of the cycles that (a)   .

• moves nutrients from soil to the atmosphere

• returns only carbon to the soil

• breaks down dead organisms to return nitrogen back to the atmosphere

• returns nutrients and matter to the soil

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Which best describes how energy and matter move through ecosystems?

• A) Matter and energy cycle through ecosystems.

• B) Energy flows through ecosystems and matter cycles through ecosystems.

• C) Energy cycles through ecosystems and matter flows through ecosystems.

• D) Energy and matter flow through ecosystems.

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Which best explains why less energy is available at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

• Less energy is generated by the organisms in higher trophic levels.

• Some energy at each level is destroyed and cannot be passed to other organisms.

• Energy used for body processes are given off as heat and is not passed to other organisms in a usable form.

• The organisms at each level are less efficient at using energy than those in the previous levels.

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During photosynthesis, plants release ​ ​ (a)   into the air. Animals require ​ (b)   to survive. When animals exhale, they release ​ (c)   into the air. During photosynthesis, plants take in ​ (d)   from the air.

• oxygen
• carbon dioxide

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Which correctly compare the amount of available energy in different trophic levels in an ecosystem? Select the correct answers.

• Producers have more available energy than third-level consumers.

• Third-level consumers have more available energy than first-level consumers.

• First-level consumers have less available energy than second-level consumers.

• Second-level consumers have less available energy than first-level consumers.

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In an ecosystem, the producers are the trophic level with the __________ amount of available energy.

• highest

• lowest

• moderate

• least

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The diagram shows a partial food web in an ecosystem. Which food chain correctly diagrams the flow of energy in this ecosystem?

• frog → owl → mouse

• grasses → mouse → hawk

• grasses → rabbit → fox → owl

• hawk → snake → bird → grasshopper → grass

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