The Origin of Life

The diagram shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis. Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage?

• They were able to photosynthesize

• They had more DNA

• They were able to make more use of available energy

• They were immune to bacterial invasion.

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Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to be ________________________ cells engulfed by a larger one.

• Plants

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

• Viruses

How are mitochondria and chloroplasts like bacteria cells?

• They divide by meiosis

• They contain their own DNA

• They have the same membrane-bound organelles

• They can make their own food

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey were the first to demonstrate that

• Earliest genetic material was RNA, rather than DNA

• Meteorites contain amino acids, many of which exist on Earth.

• Organic molecules can be formed from inorganic chemicals

• earth formed from nebula around 4.6 billion years ago

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RNA theory hypothesis that

• life on Earth began with a simple RNA molecule that could replicate itself without the help of any other molecule

• life on Earth began with DNA molecule that could replicate itself without the help of any other molecule

• life on Earth began with enzymes that could replicate themselves without any help

• life on Earth began with electrolytes and macromolecules that traveled from space in meteorites

Name the scientist that designed this experiment

• Oparin

• Pasteur

• Aristole

• Miller & Urey

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Name the scientist that designed this experiment to prove spontaneous generation and ended up disproving the theory.

• Aristotle

• Margulis

• Miller & Urey

• Pasteur

The theory that life on earth began from non-living inorganic materials and chemicals is widely accepted today and its generally called__________________?

• Chemical Evolution Theory

• Electric Spark Theory

• Microspheres and RNA world

• Biogenesis

First cells and organisms to have evolved must have been_______________ because of lack of _____________

• anaerobic , oxygen

• aerobic, oxygen

• anaerobic, carbon dioxide

• aerobic, oxygen

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What discovery supports the hypothesis that RNA was the genetic material in the earliest organisms?

• Ribozymes are RNA that can self-replicated

• DNA does not require enzymes to replicate

• RNA stores genetic

• Chains of RNA forming lipids