Quiz about Cladograms and Phylogenetics

Question 1

Each node on a cladogram represents...

Accepted Answer

the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.

Answer

the point at which one or more species became extinct.

Answer

the most recent point at which a trait was lost in a certain clade.

Answer

the point at which two clades joined and became monophyletic.

Question 2

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

Accepted Answer

Caiman

Answer

Frog

Answer

Hare

Answer

Parrot

Question 3

Who is most closely related to Taxidea taxus?

Accepted Answer

Lutra lutra

Answer

Panthera pardus

Answer

Canis latrans

Answer

Canis lupus

Question 4

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

Accepted Answer

Saurischian dinosaurs

Answer

Ornithischian dinosaurs

Answer

Crocodiles

Answer

None of these are related to birds

Question 5

Two organisms that are closely related would have

Accepted Answer

very similar DNA sequence

Answer

exactly the same DNA sequences

Answer

no proteins in common

Answer

completely different DNA sequence

Question 6

According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?

Accepted Answer

crayfish

Answer

grasshopper

Answer

perch

Answer

frog

Question 7

Which organism is the most distantly related to all the others?

Accepted Answer

Dog

Answer

Raccoon

Answer

Giant Panda

Answer

Sun Bear

Question 8

Which of the following traits do the salamander and the lizard share?

Accepted Answer

Jaws and Lungs

Answer

Jaws only

Answer

Claws or nails

Answer

Jaws, Lungs, and Claws or nails

Question 9

The phylogenetic tree was constructed using derived traits of organisms A, B, C, D, and E. Based on the tree, which two organisms share the most derived traits?

Accepted Answer

A and B because they share the most branch points.

Answer

C and D because they share one common branch.

Answer

C and D because they are closest to the end of the tree next to each other.

Answer

A and B because they are the pair closest to the center.

Question 10

What is the common ancestor of Letters C and E?

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

1

Answer

3

Answer

4

Question 11

Cytochrome c is a protein made up of 104 amino acids. It is found in the mitochondria and aides in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. The data table represents the number of amino acid differences in cytochrome c between organisms A, B, C, and D.

The phylogenetic trees represent possible interpretations of the data in the chart.

Which phylogenetic trees represent the data accurately?

Accepted Answer

Option B is correct

Accepted Answer

Option C is correct

Answer

A.

Question 12

What is the best inference about biochemical relationships that could be made from this model?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid sequences of a lancelet and a tuna are less similar than that of a tuna and a salamander. This is due to the lancelet and the tuna splitting from a common ancestor longer ago.

Answer

The amino acid sequences of a lancelet and a tuna are more similar than that of a tuna and a salamander. This is due to the lancelet and the tuna both residing entirely in water while the salamander can survive on land.

Answer

The amino acid sequences of a salamander and a turtle are less similar than that of a turtle and a leopard. This is due to the turtle and the salamander both being adapted to life in water or land.

Answer

The amino acid sequences of a salamander and a turtle are more similar than that of a turtle and a leopard. This is due to the turtle and the salamander both being adapted to life in water or land.

Question 13

According to this phylogenetic tree, which creature is the least related out of all pictured?

Accepted Answer

Fish

Answer

Frog

Answer

Salamander

Answer

Human

Question 14

From the picture above, What do the species all have in common?

Accepted Answer

Common ancestor

Answer

Back bone

Answer

Same father

Answer

Feathers

Question 15

Who is the closest relative to the brown bear?

Accepted Answer

Sun bear

Answer

Giant panda

Answer

Dog

Answer

Lesser panda

Question 16

Which trait (adaptation) was developed most recently?

Accepted Answer

feathers

Answer

tetrapod limbs

Answer

amnion

Answer

They developed at the same time

Question 17

In a cladogram, what does a branch point represent?

Accepted Answer

A common ancestor shared by the descendant groups.

Answer

The extinction of a species.

Answer

The introduction of a new trait.

Answer

The divergence of a species into two.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes phylogenetics?

Accepted Answer

The study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities.

Answer

The classification of organisms based on physical traits.

Answer

The study of genetic mutations over time.

Answer

The analysis of ecological interactions among species.

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of a cladogram?

Accepted Answer

To illustrate evolutionary relationships.

Answer

To show geographical distribution of species.

Answer

To display genetic mutations.

Answer

To represent ecological niches.

Question 20

How can molecular data be used in phylogenetics?

Accepted Answer

To determine evolutionary relationships by comparing DNA sequences.

Answer

To classify organisms based on physical characteristics.

Answer

To analyze the ecological roles of species.

Answer

To study the behavior of organisms in their environment.

Question 21

Which of the following is a real-world application of phylogenetics?

Accepted Answer

Tracing the origin and spread of infectious diseases.

Answer

Developing new agricultural techniques.

Answer

Designing urban ecosystems.

Answer

Studying the impact of climate change on weather patterns.

Question 22

What is a monophyletic group in a cladogram?

Accepted Answer

A group that includes an ancestor and all its descendants.

Answer

A group that includes species with similar ecological roles.

Answer

A group that includes organisms with similar physical traits.

Answer

A group that includes species from different evolutionary paths.

Question 23

In phylogenetic trees, what does the length of a branch typically represent?

Accepted Answer

The amount of genetic change.

Answer

The time since divergence.

Answer

The number of species in the clade.

Answer

The ecological importance of the species.

Cladograms and Phylogenetics

25 questions

Each node on a cladogram represents...

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

Who is most closely related to Taxidea taxus?

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

Two organisms that are closely related would have

According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?

Which organism is the most distantly related to all the others?

Which of the following traits do the salamander and the lizard share?

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