AP Bio Signal Transduction Review

Which of the following is NOT a response by the cell from a signal transduction pathway?

• cell growth

• gene expression

• secretion of molecules

• all of the above are responses

Describe what occurs when the ligand binds to the receptor.

• confirmation change in shape of receptor

• phosphorylation of ligand

• ligand passes through the membrane

• receptor binds additional ligands

In a signal transduction pathway, the signal activates a(n)

• receptor

• hormone

• effector molecule

Many cancer cells signal themselves to grow and divide. This is an example of ______ signaling.

• long distance

• autocrine

• paracrine

• hormone

Which of these is a common type of final response in a signal transduction pathway?

• Activation of a G-protein receptor

• Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence

• Formation of cAMP

• Phosphorylation cascade

Match the following

• uses a neuron (nerve cell) to send a signal(neurotransmitter) over a small gap (the synapse) to bind

• Endocrine signaling

• uses small molecules to communicate from one nearby cell to another. Short distance, medium response

• Paracrine signaling

• bind a receptor on a distant cell

• Synaptic signaling

Imagine this neuron is connected to another neuron. Where is the synaptic cleft located (the place where the 2 cells meet)?

In general, all cell signaling causes

• increased expression of genes.

• an influx of ions.

• protein kinase activity.

• a change in receptor conformation

What is the role of protein kinase in a signal transduction pathway?

• activates a molecule by adding a phosphate to the target molecule

• deactivate a molecule by removing a phosphate from the target molecule

• activates a molecule by removing a phosphate from the target molecule

• deactivate a molecule by adding a phosphate to the target molecule

Once a cell responses to a signal, what would need to occur to stop the response?

• activate the relay proteins

• deactivate the relay proteins

• destroy the cell

• genetically modify the DNA of the cell

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