Signal transduction AP Biology

What is the first step in any signal transduction pathway?

• Reception of a signal
• Activation of an enzyme
• Phosphorylation cascade
• Cellular response

Which molecule type often acts as a second messenger in signal transduction?

• cyclic-AMP
• ATP
• RNA
• DNA

What typically happens after a receptor protein undergoes a conformational change?

• An enzyme is activated
• The cell divides
• DNA is replicated
• The cell undergoes apoptosis

Which process often amplifies the signal in a signal transduction pathway?

• Phosphorylation cascade
• Endocytosis
• Diffusion
• Mitosis

What term describes a molecule that binds to a receptor to initiate a signal transduction pathway?

• Ligand
• Hormone
• Antibody
• Inhibitor

Which protein complex breaks down beta-catenin?

• Beta-catenin destruction complex
• Apoptosis complex
• Ribosomal complex
• Spliceosome

What receptor protein does the WNT signal molecule bind to?

• Frizzled
• Tyrosine kinase
• Insulin receptor
• Glucocorticoid receptor

What happens to beta-catenin when the WNT pathway is activated?

• It enters the nucleus and activates genes
• It is destroyed
• It exits the cell
• It undergoes phosphorylation

The WNT pathway is thought to be involved in which medical condition?

• Type II diabetes
• Asthma
• Hypertension
• Arthritis

What does RTK stand for?

• Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
• Repetitive Transport Kinase
• Rapid Transduction Kinase
• Receptor Transfer Kinase