THERMAL ENERGY RETEST

Which of the following explains how someone could increase the average kinetic energy of particles within a glass of water?

• Increase the amount of water in the glass, because increasing the amount of a substance increases the kinetic energy of the particles.

• Add ice into the water, because when a solid and a liquid mix, the kinetic energy of particles increases.

• Decrease the amount of water in the glass, because decreasing the amount of a substance concentrates the kinetic energy.

• Heat the water in a microwave, because as temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles increases.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What would you expect to happen to the gas inside a sealed container when the temperature drops, and why?

• The particles would spread out more because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have more kinetic energy.

• The particles would spread out more because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have less kinetic energy.

• The particles would move faster because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have more kinetic energy.

• The particles would move more slowly because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have less kinetic energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Peter is investigating how thermal energy is transferred when he takes food out of the refrigerator. Which statement describes how he could collect data to explain this and what the expected result would be?

• Measure how long it takes the food to reach the same temperature as the interior of the refrigerator. The food will likely gain thermal energy from the cold refrigerator and decrease in temperature until it is the same temperature as the refrigerator.

• Measure the temperature of the refrigerator and the air, and time how long the food is out of the refrigerator for. The cold food will likely gain thermal energy from the warmer air and increase in temperature until it is a little warmer than the air.

• After taking the food out of the refrigerator, measure the temperature of the food at even time intervals. The cold food will likely gain thermal energy from the warmer air and increase in temperature until it is the same temperature as the air.

• Measure the temperature in the food when it is taken out of the refrigerator at various time intervals. The cold food will likely DECREASE in thermal energy to the warmer air and decrease in temperature until it is the same temperature as the air.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A lightbulb causing a lampshade to get hot is an example of ________. The ocean transferring thermal energy from place to place is an example of ___. Getting out of bed and leaving the spot you were laying warm is an example of ______________. Which terms, in order of appearance, best complete the sentences?

• radiation; convection; conduction

• conduction; radiation; convection

• radiation; conduction; convection

• conduction; convection; radiation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Arthur is investigating how energy is transferred when his bowl of soup cools down. He measures the temperature of the soup near the surface and also at the bottom of the bowl, as shown in the image. Over the course of the 5 minutes, the soup near the __________ lost more thermal energy. The particles of soup near the surface have _____ kinetic energy than the particles near the bottom. If thermal energy transfers from the bottom of the soup towards the surface, it is transferred through the process of _________. Which terms best complete the paragraph?

• bottom; more; convection

• surface; less; convection

• bottom; more; conduction

• bottom; less; convection

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Amari wanted to see how the temperature of her coffee is affected by the cool air in her car when she uses different types of mugs. To investigate this, she filled a coffee mug and a thermos with some hot coffee and left it in her car while at school. When she checked them after school, she realized both coffees had _________ thermal energy. She concluded that the material the mugs were made of allowed energy to be transferred through ______________. Which terms best complete the paragraph?

• lost; conduction

• gained; convection

• gained; conduction

• lost; convection

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Vaseal wonders if an ice cube will melt faster in water or in air. He conducts an experiment with a setup like the image. He timed how long it took each ice cube to melt and the water to reach room temperature, and found that the ice in the ______________ melted the fastest. This is because there are ______________ molecules that transfer thermal energy into the ice through ______________. Which terms best complete the paragraph?

• water; more; conduction

• water; less; convection

• air; more; convection

• air; less; conduction

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Heat can be transferred by the sun, from an iron to clothes, and from steam from a hot drink heating the air. Which terms describe the types of heat transfer shown in images 1, 2, and 3?

• 1: radiation, 2: convection, 3: conduction

• 1: convection, 2: conduction, 3: radiation

• 1: conduction, 2: radiation, 3: convection

• 1: radiation, 2: conduction, 3: convection

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

How did the particles in the water change over the course of the investigation?

• The water particles lost kinetic energy, which caused them to move faster and lowered the temperature of the water.

• The water particles lost energy, which caused them to slow down and lowered the temperature of the water.

• The water particles gained energy, which caused them to move faster and lowered the temperature of the water.

• The water particles gained energy, which caused them to slow down and lowered the temperature of the water.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

When the copper is added to the water, thermal energy between the copper and the water is transferred through __________.

• Conduction

• Radiation

• Convection

• Evaporation