Amplify Cellular Respiration

What forces the ATP Synthase to rotate (spin)?

• The movement of high energy electrons from high to low concentration

• The movement of hydrogen from high to low concentration

• The movement of water from high to low concentration

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Once the ATP Synthase rotates/spins, what comes out of the other end? In other words, what does this special "machine" create?

Doctors tested a patient and found that his cells contained normal levels of oxygen and glucose molecules, and no starch molecules. Will this patient be able to exercise normally?

• Yes, the glucose and oxygen molecules can react together to release energy for the body to function.

• No, his digestive system is not breaking down food molecules; his cells need starch molecules to react with glucose, which releases energy.

• No, his body systems are working, but he needs to eat different food; in cells, only amino acids can react with oxygen to release energy.

• Yes, as long as his cells have glucose, they don’t need anything else to release energy for the body to function.

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Doctors tested a patient to find out what molecules were in her cells. Her cells contained normal levels of oxygen molecules, low levels of amino acid molecules, and low levels of glucose molecules. Will this patient be able to exercise normally

• Yes, as long as her cells have enough oxygen, her body will be able to exercise.

• No, her cells need glucose to react with oxygen to release enough energy to exercise.

• No, her cells need amino acids to react with oxygen to release enough energy to exercise.

• No, her cells need glucose to react with amino acids to release enough energy to exercise.

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The space exploration program has hired you for advice on how to keep astronauts healthy in the space shuttle. How can the program's doctors make sure the astronauts’ bodies work well enough to exercise in space?

• The doctors could make sure that the astronauts’ bodies can make enough energy by getting enough sleep.

• The doctors could make sure the astronauts’ stomachs are getting the molecules they need from food and air.

• The doctors could make sure the astronauts’ cells are getting the molecules they need from food and air.

• The doctors could make sure the astronauts’ cells are getting different types of molecules from food.

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Two soccer teams, the Bears and the Panthers, played games at the same time in two different locations. The Bears game was played at sea level, where there is a normal amount of oxygen. Before their game, the players on the Bears ate a lunch of mostly starch. The Panthers game was played at very high altitude, where there is less oxygen. The players on the Panthers ate a lunch of starch and protein. Which team probably did better in their game?

• The Bears probably did better because their cells released energy from oxygen reacting with glucose, which was broken down from starch in the digestive system.

• The Panthers probably did better because their cells released energy from breaking down protein in the digestive system, which then combined with oxygen in cells.

• The teams did equally well because their digestive systems just need to break down starch into glucose for cells to release energy.

• The teams did equally well because glucose from starch can react with oxygen or proteins to release energy.

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A patient has been eating healthy foods, but her respiratory system is not working as well as it usually does. Can this patient still exercise normally?

• Yes, her body can get everything it needs for energy from molecules in food.

• No, her respiratory system does not have enough oxygen to combine together to release energy.

• No, her cells do not have enough oxygen to react with glucose and release energy.

• No, her cells do not have enough oxygen to react with proteins to release energy.

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Rosa eats a peanut butter sandwich for lunch. Peanut butter contains a lot of protein, and bread is mostly starch. Rosa plans to go for a run later this afternoon. Rosa is breathing normally. 1. What does she need from the food she ate and the air she breathes so that she can go on her run? 2. How do Rosa’s body systems work together to get the molecules she needs into her cells? 3. How do her cells use these molecules to release energy for her body to run?

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Guillermo was finding it difficult to walk up the steps to his family’s apartment. His doctor thinks that his cells might not be getting enough oxygen or glucose. 1. Why does having low levels of glucose or oxygen in his cells make it difficult for Guillermo to walk up steps? 2. Which body systems should the doctor test in order to find out whether Guillermo’s cells are getting enough oxygen and glucose and why?

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Stella’s respiratory system is not working well. Why is this a problem for her ability to exercise?

• Her respiratory system will not be able to break down molecules from air into oxygen.

• Her cells will not work well when they have low levels of oxygen.

• Her digestive system will have to work twice as hard to get the same amount of energy from glucose molecules.

• Her cells will not work because molecules from air will be too large for her body to use.

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