Evolution Evidence and Mechanisms

The diagram represents the forelimb structures from four different mammals, including a bat and a human. These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they--

• have the same basic structure.

• perform the same function.

• are the same size.

• are parts of mammals.

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Researchers studying medium ground finches on the island of Daphne Major in the Galapagos Islands collected the data below on the survival rates of finches with different sized beaks over a three-year period that included a drought. Which statement about the finches in this environment is best supported by the data?

• Finches with large beaks are more fit for the environment than finches with small beaks are.

• Finches with large beaks had more genes than the other finches did.

• Finches with small beaks reproduce more quickly than finches with large beaks.

• Finches with large beaks reproduce more quickly than finches with small beaks.

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• a

• b

• c

• d

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There are two populations of salamanders living on nearby islands. If some of the salamanders from Island A were able to reach Island B and join the salamander population there, which of the following would result?

• an increase in genetic variation on Island A

• an increase in genetic variation on Island B

• genetic drift on Island A

• natural selection on Island A

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The study of the early stages of development that is one evidence of evolution is:

• Homologous Structures

• Embryology

• Vestigial Organs

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What is this an example of?

• vestigial structures

• embryology

• homologous structures

• fossil record

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Structures are similar in function but not in anatomical structure
EXAMPLE: bird wings vs. butterfly wings

• Vestigial

• Homologous

• Analogous Structures

• Embryonic

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Some insects are resistant to certain pesticides, chemicals that are sprayed on crops to keep the insects from eating them. The insects that are resistant are not affected by the pesticides. The resistance to pesticides that some individual insects have is a result of--

• the behavior of those insects.

• the genetic makeup of those insects.

• transfer of resistance from one individual insect to another.

• individual insects becoming resistant over time.

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Researchers compared a specific protein across different species. The table shows the number of differences in the protein between the species. Which conclusion do these data support?

• The ladybug and the beetle are the most closely related.

• The cricket and the grasshopper are the most closely related.

• The grasshopper and the beetle are the least closely related.

• The wolf spider and the grasshopper are the least closely related.

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In order for evolution to occur, there must be a change in the—

• climate of the environment.

• genes on an individual in the population.

• genetic makeup of a population.

• rate of mutations in the population.

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