Enlightenment and Revolution - Lesson 1

Select the three goals that scholars believed humans could achieve through the use of reason.

• Achieve world peace, economic prosperity, and personal happiness

• Understand the natural world, improve society, and promote individual well-being

• Conquer nature, dominate other species, and achieve immortality

• Develop technology, expand empires, and accumulate wealth

This Enlightenment philosopher spoke out after his writings were censored for poking fun at the government and religion.

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• Voltaire

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

Who was the French philosopher that said government should be divided into separate branches?

• Montesquieu

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• Descartes

Who was the French writer that proposed the idea of popular sovereignty?

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

• Denis Diderot

Critical Thinking: Compare living today under a king who could rule as he pleased with your life now in which you live with limited government. Which of the following would be a major difference?

• Lack of personal freedom under a king

• More technological advancements under a king

• More democratic rights under a king

• Less taxation under a king

_________ is a system where one person, or a small group, holds all of the power.

• unlimited government

• democracy

• republic

• constitutional monarchy

Who was Klemens von Metternich?

• A) French general who became emperor

• B) Austrian prince who led the Congress of Vienna

• C) Leader of South American independence movements.

What is conservatism?

• A) Movement to preserve the old social order and governments

• B) Movement for individual rights and liberties

• C) Forceful overthrow of a government.

European leaders opposed the ideals of the French Revolution because:

• They feared the spread of revolutionary ideas.

• They wanted to support the French monarchy.

• They were against any form of change.

• They were allied with other monarchies.

What were the three social classes of Saint-Domingue (caste system) and who was in each?

• The three social classes were the whites, the free people of color, and the enslaved Africans.

• The three social classes were the aristocrats, the bourgeoisie, and the peasants.

• The three social classes were the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners.

• The three social classes were the merchants, the artisans, and the laborers.