AP Psychology Learning

Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning with dogs and salivation.

• Edward Thorndike

• John Watson

• Ivan Pavlov

• Martin Seligman

is an influential social cognitive psychologist who is perhaps best known for his social learning theory, the concept of self-efficacy, and his famous Bobo doll experiments.

• John B. Watson

• Edward Tolman

• Robert Rescorla

• Albert Bandura

In Edward Tolman’s maze study, the first group of rats was reinforced each time they solved the maze.  The second group of rats only received reinforcement the eleventh day of the study.  The second group of rats solved the maze far more quickly than the rats in the first group.  Which of the following is true regarding the second group of rats? 

• They were much smarter than the rats in the first group. 

• They demonstrated latent learning.  They had learned the maze in the first ten days, they had just not had a reason to demonstrate it.  

• They had the opportunity to cheat by watching the rats in the first group. 

• They had a better cognitive map than the rats in the first group. 

When learning first takes place, we would say that __ has occurred.

• Acquisition

• Extinction

• Spontaneous Recovery

• Discrimination

Ivan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery of

• operant conditioning.

• reinforcement

• classical conditioning.

• vicarious conditioning.

John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _____________ in their study.

• discriminative stimulus

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned stimulus

• extinguished stimulus

A child whose family owns a dog may refer to any four-legged animal as “dog.” In learning theory, such behavior is known as

• stimulus generalization

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• ecological validity

• shaping

ANY EVENT OR SITUATION THAT EVOKES A RESPONSE IS KNOWN AS?

• ACQUISITION

• STIMULUS

• REINFORCMENT

• SHAPING

In Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning paradigm, the dog salivated in response to the food at the outset of the experiment because the food was

• a conditioned stimulus

• a conditioned response

• an unconditioned stimulus

• an unconditioned response

• a secondary reinforcer

When Pavlov placed food in the mouth's of dogs, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) ________.

• unconditioned stimulus

• unconditioned response

• conditioned response

• conditioned stimulus