AP Psychology Unit 2

After the student council election, a friend tells you he has known for weeks who would be elected president. What does this seem to illustrate?

• Overconfidence

• Hindsight bias

• Critical thinking

• Perceiving order in random events

Which research method involves an in-depth study of one individual or group to reveal universal principles?

• Case study

• Survey

• Experiment

• Naturalistic observation

What is the term for a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two factors vary together?

• Correlation

• Causation

• Standard deviation

• Mean

In an experiment, what is the factor that is manipulated to determine its effect?

• Dependent variable

• Independent variable

• Control variable

• Confounding variable

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency that is calculated by adding all the scores and then dividing by the number of scores?

• Median

• Mode

• Mean

• Range

What is the term for the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it?

• Overconfidence

• Hindsight bias

• Confirmation bias

• Illusory correlation

Which ethical principle requires that participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate?

• Confidentiality

• Debriefing

• Informed consent

• Protection from harm

What is the term for a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score?

• Range

• Standard deviation

• Variance

• Correlation coefficient

Which of the following is a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process?

• Case study

• Survey

• Experiment

• Naturalistic observation

What is the term for the perception of a relationship where none exists?

• Illusory correlation

• Hindsight bias

• Overconfidence

• Placebo effect