What is process synchronization?

• Coordinating the execution of processes to ensure they run correctly when accessing shared resources

• Managing memory allocation for processes

• Scheduling CPU time for processes

• Handling process termination

Which of the following is a common solution to the critical section problem?

• Virtual memory

• Semaphores

• Paging

• Process scheduling

What does a semaphore use to manage access to shared resources?

• Floating-point values

• Boolean values

• Integer values

• String values

What is the main purpose of concurrency in operating systems?

• To slow down process execution

• To enhance system efficiency by running multiple processes or threads simultaneously

• To reduce memory usage

• To terminate inactive processes

Which of the following best describes a counting semaphore?

• Can only take values of 0 and 1

• Can take any integer value to manage multiple instances of a resource

• Stores process IDs

• Manages process states

In which type of semaphore can the value only be 0 or 1?

• Counting semaphore

• Integer semaphore

• Binary semaphore (Mutex)

• Floating-point semaphore

Which of the following is an example of multithreading in real-world applications?

• A single-threaded file transfer program

• A web browser loading multiple tabs simultaneously

• A word processor with autosave feature

• A computer running multiple virtual machines

What is the main advantage of multiprocessing?

• Higher hardware costs

• Parallel execution of tasks using multiple CPUs or cores

• Reduced power consumption

• Simpler process management

What does the 'wait' operation in a semaphore do?

• Increases the semaphore's value

• Decreases the semaphore's value if it's greater than zero

• Terminates the process

• Allocates memory to the process

What is the critical section in process synchronization?

• A segment of code where a process accesses shared resources

• The main memory area allocated to a process

• The CPU time slice assigned to a process

• The state where a process waits for an event