Psychology Unit-I&II

Who is considered the father of psychology?

• Sigmund Freud

• Wilhelm Wundt

• John Watson

• B.F. Skinner

Answer explanation

Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of psychology because he established the first psychology laboratory in 1879, marking the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline distinct from philosophy.

Which psychologist is known for the theory of classical conditioning?

• Jean Piaget

• Albert Bandura

• Ivan Pavlov

• Erik Erikson

Answer explanation

Ivan Pavlov is known for his work on classical conditioning, demonstrated through his experiments with dogs, where he showed how a neutral stimulus could elicit a conditioned response.

What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

• Social interactions

• Emotional states

• Thought processes

• Behavioral responses

Answer explanation

Cognitive psychology primarily focuses on thought processes, including perception, memory, and problem-solving. It studies how people understand, think, and remember, making 'thought processes' the correct answer.

Which of the following is a key concept in humanistic psychology?

• Unconscious mind

• Conditioned response

• Operant conditioning

• Self-actualization

Answer explanation

Self-actualization is a key concept in humanistic psychology, emphasizing personal growth and the realization of one's potential, unlike the other options which are associated with different psychological theories.

The term ‘psychology’ is derived from the Greek words ‘psyche’ and ‘logos’, meaning:

• Study of the soul

• Study of the mind

• Study of behavior

• Study of emotions

Answer explanation

The term 'psychology' comes from the Greek 'psyche' meaning 'soul' and 'logos' meaning 'study'. Therefore, it translates to 'study of the soul', making 'Study of the soul' the correct answer.

Which branch of psychology studies mental disorders and their treatment?

• Cognitive psychology

• Clinical psychology

• Educational psychology

• Developmental psychology

Answer explanation

Clinical psychology is the branch that focuses on diagnosing and treating mental disorders, making it the correct choice. Cognitive psychology studies thought processes, educational psychology focuses on learning, and developmental psychology examines growth.

The experimental method in psychology mainly focuses on:

• Understanding individual experiences

• Identifying cause-and-effect relationships

• Studying past behaviors

• Analyzing social interactions

Answer explanation

The experimental method in psychology is primarily concerned with identifying cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables and observing outcomes, making it distinct from other approaches that focus on individual experiences or social interactions.

A psychologist conducts a study by watching children in a playground without interfering. This method is called:

• Case study

• Experiment

• Naturalistic observation

• Survey

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'Naturalistic observation' because the psychologist observes children in their natural environment without interference, allowing for genuine behavior to be recorded.

Which of the following methods is commonly used to measure people's attitudes and opinions?

• Experiment

• Survey

• Case study

• Introspection

Answer explanation

Surveys are widely used to gather data on people's attitudes and opinions through structured questions, making them the most effective method compared to experiments, case studies, or introspection.

The method of self-examination of one’s thoughts and feelings, introduced by Wilhelm Wundt, is called:

• Psychoanalysis

• Observation

• Introspection

• Cognitive appraisal

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Introspection', which refers to the method of self-examination of one's thoughts and feelings, a concept introduced by Wilhelm Wundt in psychology.