Assertion (A): Rules are usually the simplest type of plans. Reason (R): Because there is no compromise or change unless a policy decision is taken.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• A is true but R is false.

• A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities. Reason (R): Departmental plans have nothing to do with the main organisational plan.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• A is true but R is false.

• A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Budget is a fundamental planning instrument. Reason (R): Making a budget involves forecasting, therefore, it clearly comes under planning.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• A is true but R is false.

• A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Planning is concerned with a predetermined course of action. Reason (R): It states what is to be done, how is to be done in advance thereby providing direction for action.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• A is true but R is false.

• A is false but R is true.

Assertion(A): Planning is an intellectual task. Reason(R): Planning involves brainstorming and highly qualified professionals are appointed for it.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• A is true but R is false.

• A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): There is no mathematical formula to select the best alternative. Reason (R): Alternatives are evaluated in the light of feasibility.

Assertion (A): Planning leads to Unity of Direction. Reason (R): Employees know in advance in which direction they have to work.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• A is true but R is false.

• A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Planning is done solely by the top-level management. Reason (R): Lower Level Management helps in the implementation of plans.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• A is true but R is false.

• A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Planning Process comes to an end with the drafting of main and supportive plans. Reason (R): Employees are to be communicated about the various plans made by the managers.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• A is true but R is false.

• A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Plans ensure clarity of thoughts and action. Reason (R): Planning process forces the managers to think differently.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• A is true but R is false.

• A is false but R is true.