Evolution review

The fossil record provides evidence that 

• Fossils cannot be dated.
• All species were formed during Earth’s formation and have changed little since then.
• The fossilized species have no connection to today’s species.
• Older species gave rise to more-recent species.

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Individuals that are better able to cope with the challenges of their environment tend to  

• Decrease in population over time.
• Leave more offspring than those less suited to the environment.
• Leave fewer offspring than those less suited to the environment.

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Starting in 1954, commercial fishers in the northwest Pacific were paid by weight, rather than by the individual fish, for pink salmon. The fishers increased the use of a type of net that selectively catches larger fish.  Which of the following effects did this change in fishing technique most likely have on the salmon population over the next 20 years?

• The average body size of the salmon population decreased significantly.
• The average body size of the salmon population increased significantly.
• The average body size of the males in the salmon population increased, and the females stayed the same.

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European rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859. The rabbits reproduced rapidly in their new habitat, displaced other animals, and overgrazed vegetation. In an attempt to reduce the rabbit population, a virus was introduced in 1951. This virus is usually deadly to European rabbits. When the virus was first introduced, the rabbits died in large numbers, but the death rate decreased over time. Which of the following best explains the decrease in the rabbit death rate? 

• Young rabbits learned to avoid being infected with the virus.
• The lifespan of the virus was too short to affect rabbits over a long period of time.
• Natural selection favored rabbits that were resistant to the virus. 
• No correct choices.

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Structures that share a common ancestry or are similar because they are modified versions of structures from a common ancestor that contain the same basic bone structure are

• Not related.
• Not homologous. 
• Homologous.
• Young in origin.

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The process in which organisms with traits well suited to an environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring is

• Natural Selection
• Origin of Species
• Genetic Principles
• Trait Mechanism

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Structures with no function that are remnants of an organism’s evolutionary past are

• Not visible organisms.
• Vestigial
• Young in origin
• Useful to the organism

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Comparing human hemoglobin of chimpanzees, horses, kangaroos, and chickens, reveal that humans have the fewest amino acid differences with 

• Kangaroos
• Horses
• chickens
• chimpanzees

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What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?

• variation
• adaptation
• homologous structure
• vestigial structure

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What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?

• To look different from other species.
• To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
• To protect itself against predators.
• To protect itself against prey.

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