Unit 7.4 AP European history quiz

What is the main concept behind Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

• Species remain unchanged over time

• Organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce

• All species are created at the same time

• Evolution is guided by a divine force

Who is most associated with the concept of Social Darwinism?

• Karl Marx

• Herbert Spencer

• Charles Darwin

• Sigmund Freud

What book did Charles Darwin publish in 1859 that introduced the theory of natural selection?

• The Descent of Man

• The Principles of Biology

• On the Origin of Species

• The Struggle for Existence

Which of the following best describes Herbert Spencer’s application of evolutionary theory to society?

• Societies evolve through struggle, with the strongest thriving

• Governments should ensure equal success for all citizens

• Religion should guide human development

• Democracy naturally leads to the best societal outcomes

What economic system did Social Darwinists often support?

• Communism

• Socialism

• Laissez-faire capitalism

• Feudalism

How did Social Darwinism influence racial theories in the 19th century?

• It promoted equality among all races

• It was used to argue for racial hierarchies and eugenics

• It eliminated discussions of race from scientific discourse

• It discouraged European imperialism

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Social Darwinism?

• It was used to justify imperialism

• It ignored social and economic inequalities

• It led to advancements in medical science

• It lacked scientific basis for human society

Which scientific discovery challenged the ideas of Social Darwinism?

• The germ theory of disease

• Mendelian genetics

• The heliocentric model

• The invention of the printing press

What movement was influenced by Social Darwinist thinking in the early 20th century?

• The Enlightenment

• The Eugenics movement

• The Renaissance

• The Protestant Reformation