DNA to Protein Study Guide Review Game

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA using the image provided. DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar. Both are made of nucleotides and contain bases A, C, G. DNA is unable to leave the nucleus and is stable, whereas RNA can leave the nucleus, is unstable, and contains uracil which replaces thymine.

• DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

• Both DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides and contain bases A, C, G.

• DNA is unable to leave the nucleus and is stable, whereas RNA can leave the nucleus, is unstable, and contains uracil which replaces thymine.

• All of the above

Explain the significance of RNA to the process of making a protein. DNA contains the instructions for making a protein but is unable to leave the nucleus. mRNA is able to leave the nucleus in order to carry the instructions to the ribosome, where it can be translated into a protein.

• RNA is not involved in protein synthesis.

• RNA carries the instructions from DNA to the ribosome.

• RNA destroys the DNA after protein synthesis.

• RNA is the final product of protein synthesis.

Which of the following is true about RNA?

• Double-stranded

• Contains deoxyribose sugar

• Can leave the nucleus

• Stable

Identify the path of a protein by putting the organelles involved in the correct order. nucleus --> ribosome --> Rough ER --> vesicle --> Golgi body --> vesicle --> plasma membrane

• nucleus --> ribosome --> Rough ER --> vesicle --> Golgi body --> vesicle --> plasma membrane

• nucleus --> Rough ER --> ribosome --> vesicle --> Golgi body --> vesicle --> plasma membrane

• nucleus --> ribosome --> vesicle --> Rough ER --> Golgi body --> vesicle --> plasma membrane

• nucleus --> ribosome --> Rough ER --> Golgi body --> vesicle --> vesicle --> plasma membrane

What is a silent mutation?

• This mutation has no effect on the amino acid coded for.

• Many amino acids are coded for by multiple codons.

• Most often because of a substitution.

What is a missense mutation? This mutation causes a codon to code for a different amino acid than the original one. Most often because of a substitution.

What is a nonsense mutation?

• This mutation causes a stop codon which terminates translation early, often resulting in a non-functional protein.

• Most often because of a substitution.

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that does not change the protein

• A mutation that adds or removes nucleotides

• A mutation that only affects one amino acid

• A mutation that causes the reading frame of mRNA codons to shift

What is a chromosomal mutation?

Identify and explain the mutation: This is a missense mutation (point mutation). There was a single base change that coded for a different amino acid, which will affect the whole protein.

• Missense mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Silent mutation

• Frameshift mutation