Earth Science Cast Review

How doe the pictures show heat transferring from the earth's surface into and throughout the air?

• The air closer to the land always moves to the water and then rises into the sky, so cold air in the sky always falls to the land.

• The air closer to the water always moves to the land and then rises into the sky, so cold air in the sky always falls to the water.

• The air closer to the warmer surface moves up and away from that surface while the colder air falls and moves into the space that was left by the rising air

• The air closer to the colder surface moves up and away from that surface while the hot air falls and moves into the space that was left by the rising air

Answer explanation

The correct choice explains that warmer air rises from the surface, creating a space that colder air fills. This process illustrates how heat transfers from the Earth's surface into the air, demonstrating convection.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-4

NGSS.HS-ESS2-3

What happens to the crust at the places where the movement of the mantle splits (going left and right at the same time?)

• Friction between the Mantle and the Crust causes a force to pull the crust in the direction of the moving mantle, causing plates to move apart.

• Friction between the Mantle and Crust cause a force to shake the plate causing earthquakes

• Friction between the mantle and plate sucks the plate down under the mantle causing magma to erupt

• The rising mantle pushes up making mountains.

Answer explanation

Friction between the mantle and the crust creates a force that pulls the crust in the direction of the moving mantle, leading to the separation of tectonic plates.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

The picture below are graphical representations of the movement of seismic waves through the earth's mantel at 3 locations. Areas that appear red show slower moving waves as they travel through hotter and less dense mantle while blue shows waves moving faster through colder and more dense mantle.

Which of the 3 locations is least likely to have a volcano on the surface?

• 
• 
• 

Answer explanation

Volcanos form in places where there are hot regions of mantle close to the surface. These hot regions push upwards on the crust, allowing magma to rise and form volcanoes.

Tags

HS-ESS2-A-2

Which of the following best explains why so many volcanoes can be found on coasts, particularly coasts where oceanic and continental crusts collide?

• Continental crust is more dense so it subducts. Contindental crust is very dry which makes the mantle hotter because of friction.

• Oceanic crust is more dense so it subducts. This brings sea-water which causes the mantle to get colder and more solid

• Continental crust is more dense so it subducts. This crust is very dry and solid so it makes the Mantle thicker and more solid.

• Oceanic crust is more dense so it subducts. This brings sea-water into the mantle which causes a reaction that melts mantle and makes magma.

Answer explanation

Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust, leading to subduction. As it sinks, it brings seawater into the mantle, which lowers the melting point and generates magma, resulting in volcanic activity along coasts.

Tags

HS-ESS2-A-2

Where is the planet moving faster

• Position A to B

• Position B to C

• Position H to I

• Position I to J

Answer explanation

The planet moves faster between Position A to B due to its proximity to the sun, following Kepler's laws of planetary motion, which state that a planet travels faster when closer to the sun.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

According to Kepler's second law, in the picture which of the following is true for all of the purple sectors shown in the diagram

• They are all show areas where the object is accelerating while the white sections show areas of constant velocity.

• They all have the same area to show that they cover the same amount of displacement

• They all have the same area to show that they take the same amount of time

• They all go slow, as shown by the use of a darker color

Answer explanation

According to Kepler's second law, the purple sectors represent equal areas swept out in equal times, meaning they all have the same area to show that they take the same amount of time.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

• The period increases by a factor of 2.82

• The period decreases by a factor of 2.82

• The period increases by a factor of 5.20

• The period increases by a factor of 8.28

Answer explanation

According to Kepler's Third Law, the orbital period (T) is proportional to the 3/2 power of the orbital radius (r). If r doubles, T increases by a factor of (2^(3/2)) = 2.82. Thus, the correct choice is that the period increases by a factor of 2.82.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

The diagram shows four phases of the moon during winter. Based on the diagram, which phases should result in the largest high tides?

• First Quarter

• Full Moon

• Last Quarter

• New Moon

Answer explanation

The largest high tides occur during the Full Moon and New Moon phases. During these times, the gravitational pull of the moon and sun align, resulting in higher tides, known as spring tides.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

How did the bits of dust and gas that eventually formed the solar system behave while falling into orbit around each other?

• They collided and went spiraling in opposite directions.

• They expanded as they were pulled farther apart and eventually cooled.

• They created new gases that caused them to cool after interacting with each other.

• They ran into each other and stuck together due to gravitational and other forces.

Answer explanation

The correct choice explains that the bits of dust and gas collided and stuck together due to gravitational forces, leading to the formation of larger bodies in the solar system, rather than spiraling apart or creating new gases.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

Place the following steps in the formation of the sun in order going left to right.

• A cloud of gas an dust floated in space

• A Star was born.

• gravity pulled it closer together

• The collisions between the hydrogen and helium atoms started producing enormous amounts of heat

• A tiny bit of matter got turned into a lot of energy

Answer explanation

This question focuses on the steps that lead to the formation of a star, so it will end with the star being born.

This stage starts with a nebula, gravity slowly pulls it together to form a protostar. When the protostar is dense and hot enough fusion starts which is the birth of a star.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-1