Breathing

The video tutorial explains the process of breathing, which involves inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation is initiated by the contraction of external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs, thus lowering air pressure and allowing air to enter. Exhalation occurs when these muscles relax, increasing lung pressure and expelling air. Breathing is controlled automatically by the brainstem, but can also be voluntary, as in forced breathing, which involves additional muscles. The tutorial covers both normal and forced breathing processes.

What is the primary function of breathing in vertebrates?

• To regulate body temperature

• To digest food

• To take in and expel air from the lungs

• To circulate blood

Which muscles are primarily responsible for the elevation of the ribs during inhalation?

• Abdominal muscles

• Diaphragm

• Internal intercostal muscles

• External intercostal muscles

What happens to the air pressure in the lungs during inhalation?

• It remains constant

• It decreases

• It fluctuates

• It increases

Which part of the brain controls automatic breathing?

• Cerebellum

• Hippocampus

• Cerebrum

• Brainstem

During forced exhalation, which muscles are involved?

• Diaphragm

• Pectoral muscles

• External intercostal muscles

• Abdominal and internal intercostal muscles