Chapter 3 Question

Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds. Which of the following statements is true?

• Ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

• Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals, while covalent bonds form between nonmetals.

• Covalent bonds are generally stronger than ionic bonds.

• Both ionic and covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Which of the following diagrams correctly represents hydrogen bonding between water molecules?

• A diagram showing hydrogen atoms of one water molecule attracted to the oxygen atom of another water molecule.

• A diagram showing oxygen atoms of two water molecules attracted to each other.

• A diagram showing hydrogen atoms of two water molecules attracted to each other.

• A diagram showing no attraction between water molecules.

Explain how hydrogen bonds contribute to the high specific heat capacity of water.

• Hydrogen bonds allow water to easily change temperature.

• Hydrogen bonds require a lot of energy to break, thus water can absorb more heat without a significant change in temperature.

• Hydrogen bonds decrease the energy required to change the temperature of water.

• Hydrogen bonds have no effect on the specific heat capacity of water.

Which of the following best describes the structure of carbohydrates?

• Long chains of amino acids.

• Chains of nucleotides.

• Chains of monosaccharides.

• Chains of fatty acids.

What is the primary function of lipids in biological systems?

• To store genetic information.

• To provide structural support.

• To store energy and form cell membranes.

• To catalyze biochemical reactions.

Describe the relationship between proteins and their subunits.

• Proteins are made up of nucleotides.

• Proteins are made up of monosaccharides.

• Proteins are made up of amino acids.

• Proteins are made up of fatty acids.

Which of the following statements correctly explains the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?

• Hydrophilic molecules repel water, while hydrophobic molecules attract water.

• Hydrophilic molecules attract water, while hydrophobic molecules repel water.

• Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules attract water.

• Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules repel water.

How does the pH of a solution relate to the concentration of free hydrogen ions?

• A high pH indicates a high concentration of free hydrogen ions.

• A low pH indicates a low concentration of free hydrogen ions.

• A high pH indicates a low concentration of free hydrogen ions.

• pH is not related to the concentration of free hydrogen ions.

Which of the following best describes the role of nucleic acids in biological systems?

• They provide energy for cellular processes.

• They store and transmit genetic information.

• They form the structural components of cells.

• They catalyze biochemical reactions.

Predict the pH of a solution with a high concentration of free hydrogen ions.

• The pH will be high.

• The pH will be neutral.

• The pH will be low.

• The pH will be variable.