Biology Standard 1C Vocabulary - Definitions

Which organelle is a membrane-bound structure in eukaryotic cells that houses genetic material (DNA) and directs cellular activities?

• Mitochondrion

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Golgi Apparatus

Which cellular structure synthesizes proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA)?

• Ribosome

• Mitochondrion

• Nucleus

• Golgi Apparatus

Which organelle is often called the “powerhouse” of the cell because it generates ATP through cellular respiration?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Mitochondrion

• Golgi Apparatus

Which organelle, found in plant cells and some algae, conducts photosynthesis by converting light energy into chemical energy stored as glucose?

• Mitochondrion

• Ribosome

• Chloroplast

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

Which cellular structure consists of a network of membranous tubules where the rough version (with ribosomes) is involved in protein synthesis and the smooth version functions in lipid synthesis and detoxification?

• Golgi Apparatus

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Nucleus

• Mitochondrion

Which organelle is a series of stacked, flattened membranes that modify, package, and distribute proteins and lipids throughout the cell or for export?

• Ribosome

• Golgi Apparatus

• Mitochondrion

• Nucleus

Which type of cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, typically found in bacteria and archaea?

• Prokaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic Cells

• Plant Cells

• Animal Cells

Which type of cells possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists?

• Prokaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic Cells

• Virus Cells

• Bacterial Cells

Which of the following correctly describes plant cells?

• They have a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole.

• They have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.

• They lack chloroplasts and contain small vacuoles.

• They use ribosomes to synthesize glucose.

Which of the following correctly describes animal cells?

• They have a rigid cell wall and large central vacuole.

• They contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

• They lack a cell wall and have smaller vacuoles.

• They have no mitochondria.