Carbohydrates

Lactose

• Glucose + Fructose

• Glucose + Galactose

• Sucrose + Galactose

• Maltose + Glucose

Disaccharides

• Also known as double sugars

• Single sugars

• Complex carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides

types of polysaccharides

• Starch

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

• Chitin

Carbohydrates are organic compounds that consists of the following elements:

• Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)

• Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P)

• Sulfur (S), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H)

• Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K)

Fructose

• sweetest of all sugars

• least sweet sugar

• a type of starch

• a protein found in fruits

Other names of NSP

• Unavailable carbohydrate

• Dietary fibre

• Cellulose

• Roughage

Examples of starch

• Grains - rice, wheat, oats, noodles, bread, buns, biscuits and breakfast cereals.

• Fruits - apples, bananas, oranges, and berries.

• Vegetables - carrots, broccoli, spinach, and lettuce.

• Meats - chicken, beef, pork, and fish.

Polysaccharides

• Simple sugars that provide quick energy.

• Complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharide units.

• Proteins that serve as enzymes in biological reactions.

• Lipids that store energy in the form of fats.

Glucose

• Most abundant simple carbohydrates in nature.

• Least abundant simple carbohydrates in nature.

• Only found in fruits and vegetables.

• Converted to proteins by the body.

Cellulose

• A type of non-starch polysaccharide.

• A type of starch polysaccharide.

• A type of protein.

• A type of lipid.