Research Methodology - II

What is the primary reason for using sampling in research?

• To reduce accuracy

• To save time and resources

• To eliminate variability

• To avoid statistical analysis

A population in research refers to:

• A subset of individuals selected for study

• A group of individuals with common characteristics

• A statistical measure

• The total number of variables in a study

What is a sampling frame?

• A list of elements from which a sample is drawn

• The entire population

• A non-random selection method

• A hypothesis testing tool

Which sampling method ensures equal probability for all members of a population?

• Systematic sampling

• Stratified sampling

• Random sampling

• Cluster sampling

What does the Central Limit Theorem state?

• Small samples always follow a normal distribution

• A large enough sample size results in a normal distribution of the sample mean

• The population mean is always equal to the sample mean

• Sampling error increases with larger sample sizes

The null hypothesis (H₀) in hypothesis testing suggests:

• No relationship or effect

• A strong relationship exists

• That variables must be correlated

• A direct cause-effect link

What is the significance level (α) commonly set at in hypothesis testing?

• 0.01

• 0.05

• 0.10

• 0.50

Type I error occurs when:

• A false null hypothesis is rejected

• A true null hypothesis is rejected

• A false null hypothesis is accepted

• The test is repeated multiple times

The power of a hypothesis test is:

• The probability of accepting a false null hypothesis

• The probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis

• The significance level of the test

• The number of observations in the sample

Which test is used for comparing the means of three or more groups?

• t-test

• Z-test

• ANOVA

• Chi-square test