AP Biology: Unit 7 Review (CED)

Which of the following best explains the process of natural selection?

• individuals with less favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce less offspring, thus modifying traits for subsequent generations

• individuals with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce less offspring, thus modifying traits for subsequent generations

• individuals with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce more offspring, thus passing traits to subsequent generations

• individuals with less favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce more offspring, thus passing traits to subsequent generations

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

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Natural selection acts on

• phenotype

• genotype

• gene expression

• reproduction

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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Which of the following best explains convergent evolution?

• different selective pressures result in similar phenotypic adaptations in different populations or species

• similar selective pressures result in similar phenotypic adaptations in different populations or species

• similar selective pressures result in different phenotypic adaptations in a population or species

• different selective pressures result in similar phenotypic adaptations in a populations or species

Which of the following is the cause of genetic variation?

• crossing over

• independent assortment

• random fertilization

• mutations

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following describes why bottleneck effect is harmful to genetic diversity?

• the reduction in population size could lead to fixation of an allele

• the reduction in population size could result in a change in allele frequency

• the reduction in population size could cause a change in genotype frequency

• the reduction in population size could inhibit reproductive events

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Which of the following describes why the founder's effect results in an increase of differences between populations of the same species?

• presence of genetic drift

• absence of gene flow

• addition of harmful alleles

• removal of reproductive barriers

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which of the following is a condition that must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

• small population size

• nonrandom mating

• absence of selection

• presence of migration

If the recessive allele frequency is 0.4, what is the genotypic frequency of the heterozygous individual?

• 0.16

• 0.24

• 0.36

• 0.48

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Which of the following describes a population most susceptible to random environmental impact?

• small populations

• large populations

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Which of the following is NOT a method to date fossils?

• DNA sequencing

• age of rocks where a fossil is found

• rate of decay of isotopes including carbon-14

• geographical data