NUTR 422 Exam 2 Review

What is the chemical formula for Stearic Acid?

• 16:0

• 18:0

• 18:1

• 20:0

Answer explanation

most FA found in our body are 18 C (LCFA- remember how these are transported differently than SCFA/MCFA?)

What four things (discussed in lecture) is cholesterol synthesized into?

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Answer explanation

Vitamin D3, bile acids, sex hormones, adrenocortical hormones

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of Fatty Acids?

• They are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.

• They are completely hydrophobic.

• The methyl end is polar and hydrophobic.

• The Carboxylic Acid end is polar and hydrophilic.

What is the main difference between the Delta and Omega naming system for fatty acids?

• Delta counts from the carboxylic acid end, Omega counts from the methyl end.

• Delta counts from the methyl end, Omega counts from the carboxylic acid end.

• Both count from the carboxylic acid end.

Where does lipid digestion begin, and with what enzyme?

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Answer explanation

stomach w/ gastric lipase

What are the primary end products of lipid digestion?

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Answer explanation

2x MG, FFA, cholesterol

What are the five types of lipoproteins, and which are responsible for exo/endogenous lipid transportation?

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Answer explanation

HDL/VLDL- made in liver, IDL/LDL in vasculature, chylomicrons (made in S.I) only one responsible for exo transport

What is the main component of the following lipoproteins: chylomicrons, VLDL, HDL?

• protein, TG, TG

• TG, cholesterol, protein

• TG, TG, protein

• cholesterol, TG, phospholipid

Answer explanation

*know all for test

What is reverse cholesterol transport and which lipoprotein is responsible?

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Describe the process of atherosclerosis as it relates to LDL levels in the blood.

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Answer explanation

-once cells "full" of cholesterol, LDL receptors on cells eliminated (Figure 5.21) leaving LDL "hanging out" in arteries

-excess LDL in vasculature increases inflammation (cytokines released) and is perceived as an injury (monocytes- phagocytic WBC released)

-macrophages (derived from monocytes) consume oxidized LDL (and cholesterol in it) and get converted to foam cells

-foam cells -> fatty streak penetrates arterial lining

-> plaque