NUTR 422 Exam 2 Review

What is the chemical formula for Stearic Acid?

• 16:0

• 18:0

• 18:1

• 20:0

Answer explanation

most FA found in our body are 18 C (LCFA- remember how these are transported differently than SCFA/MCFA?)

What four things (discussed in lecture) is cholesterol synthesized into?

Answer explanation

Vitamin D3, bile acids, sex hormones, adrenocortical hormones

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of Fatty Acids?

• They are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.

• They are completely hydrophobic.

• The methyl end is polar and hydrophobic.

• The Carboxylic Acid end is polar and hydrophilic.

What is the main difference between the Delta and Omega naming system for fatty acids?

• Delta counts from the carboxylic acid end, Omega counts from the methyl end.

• Delta counts from the methyl end, Omega counts from the carboxylic acid end.

• Both count from the carboxylic acid end.

Where does lipid digestion begin, and with what enzyme?

Answer explanation

stomach w/ gastric lipase

What are the primary end products of lipid digestion?

Answer explanation

2x MG, FFA, cholesterol

What are the five types of lipoproteins, and which are responsible for exo/endogenous lipid transportation?

Answer explanation

HDL/VLDL- made in liver, IDL/LDL in vasculature, chylomicrons (made in S.I) only one responsible for exo transport

What is the main component of the following lipoproteins: chylomicrons, VLDL, HDL?

• protein, TG, TG

• TG, cholesterol, protein

• TG, TG, protein

• cholesterol, TG, phospholipid

Answer explanation

*know all for test

What is reverse cholesterol transport and which lipoprotein is responsible?

Describe the process of atherosclerosis as it relates to LDL levels in the blood.

Answer explanation

-once cells "full" of cholesterol, LDL receptors on cells eliminated (Figure 5.21) leaving LDL "hanging out" in arteries

-excess LDL in vasculature increases inflammation (cytokines released) and is perceived as an injury (monocytes- phagocytic WBC released)

-macrophages (derived from monocytes) consume oxidized LDL (and cholesterol in it) and get converted to foam cells

-foam cells -> fatty streak penetrates arterial lining

-> plaque