Graded Notes T12: L2 (Nationalists in Africa and Middle East)

More than (a)   black Africans fought in World War 1 on behalf of their colonial rulers.

Whites strengthened their grip on South Africa between 1910 and 1940. They imposed a system of _____ ______to ensure white economic, political, and social superiority.

(a)  

Black South Africans were pushed into low paid, less skilled work. [They] had to carry passes at all times. They were evicted from the best land and forced to live on crowded (a)   , which were located in dry, infertile areas

The system of segregation [in South Africa] became even stricter in 1948, when (a)   , a policy of rigid racial segregation, became law.

African Christian churches and African-run newspapers demanded rights for Black South Africans. In 1912, they formed a political party, later called the _____ _____ _____ (ANC), to proetest unfair laws and demand change change from the South African government

(a)  

Pan-Africanism emphasized the unity of Africans and the people of African descent worldwide. Among its most inspiring leaders was Jamaica-born ____ ___.

(a)  

African American scholar and activist _____ _____ organized the first Pan-African Congress in 1919. It met in Paris, where the allies were holding a peace conference. [He argued for social integration of races whereas Garvey argued for separation of races]

(a)  

Displeased with their state of affairs during the 1930s, many young Egyptians joined an organization called the _____ ______. This group fostered a broad Islamic nationalization that rejected Western culture and denounced corruption within the Egyptian government.

(a)  

The defeated Ottoman empire was near collapse in 1918. Its Arab leaders were divided between England and France. However, in Asia Minor, a peninsula in western Asia between the Black and Mediterranean seas, ethnic (a)   resisted Western control and fought to build a modern nation.

... he replaced Islamic law with laws based on a European model, replaced the Arabic alphabet with a Latin alphabet, and forced people to wear Western-style clothing. Under (a)   , state schools replaced religious schools.