Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Examine the image illustrating the cycle of energy and matter between plants and animals. How does this model demonstrate the dependency of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms on each other?

• Plants produce oxygen and glucose, which animals use for energy, while animals release carbon dioxide and water, which plants need for photosynthesis.

• Animals produce sunlight, which plants need for photosynthesis, and plants create ATP, which animals use directly for energy.

• Plants and animals both produce glucose, which they share equally, and they both absorb oxygen directly from the soil.

• Animals absorb carbon dioxide from plants and convert it directly into glucose without the need for oxygen.

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Using details from the passage, classify the following organisms as performing either photosynthesis, cellular respiration, or both.

Groups:

(a) Cellular Respiration only

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(b) Both Photosynthesis and Respiration

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(c) Photosynthesis only

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Answer explanation

Autotrophs, like plants and algae, perform photosynthesis. They also perform cellular respiration to make ATP.

Heterotrophs, like animals and fungi, can only perform cellular respiration.

There are no organisms that will only perform photosynthesis.

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What would happen to the rate of photosynthesis if the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decreased significantly? How would this impact the organisms that rely on photosynthesis?

• The rate of photosynthesis would increase because plants would adapt to use other gases in place of carbon dioxide, providing more energy for the ecosystem.

• There would be no change in the rate of photosynthesis because plants primarily rely on oxygen to produce glucose.

• The rate of photosynthesis would decrease because plants need carbon dioxide to produce glucose, leading to less energy available for plants and the organisms that consume them.

• The rate of photosynthesis would remain the same, but animals would produce more carbon dioxide to compensate for the decrease.

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How does temperature affect both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Photosynthesis is not affected by temperature, but cellular respiration increases as temperatures rise.

• Higher temperatures always increase the rate of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, regardless of how extreme they are.

• Temperature only affects cellular respiration because photosynthesis relies solely on sunlight and is not enzyme-dependent.

• Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration slow down at very low and very high temperatures because enzymes that control these processes function best within a specific temperature range.

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Which part of the plant is the site of photosynthesis?

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts, organelles in plant cells, are found in the parts of plants that have the most exposure to the sun.

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The process of photosynthesis takes place in cell organelles called ​ (a)   . Photosynthesis ​ (b)   the energy of sunlight and converts it to chemical energy. Photosynthesis ​ (c)   this energy in the glucose molecule. The process of aerobic cellular respiration takes place in ​ (d)   . Aerobic cellular respiration ​ (e)   the energy stored in glucose to form ATP.

• chloroplasts
• captures
• mitochondria
• releases
• stores
• cycles

Answer explanation

Photosynthesis is a process that stores energy.

Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy.

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The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis for groups A, B, and C, in different environmental conditions.

What is the factor limiting the rate of photosynthesis for the group represented by line B at a relative light intensity of 4? Use data from the graph to explain your answer.

Answer explanation

The temperature is the factor limiting the rate of photosynthesis. Groups C and B both have 0.12% carbon dioxide. The temperature is the difference between the two groups.

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The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis for groups A, B, and C, in different environmental conditions.

What is the factor limiting the rate of photosynthesis for the group represented by line A at a relative light intensity of 4? Use data from the graph to explain your answer.

Answer explanation

The limiting factor for the group represented by line A is the amount of carbon dioxide. At both temperatures, the rate of photosynthesis is lower for group A than it is for groups B or C. The difference is the amount of carbon dioxide.

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Drag and label each component of photosynthesis to the part of the diagram to which it corresponds. HINT: the clouds represent gases!

a

b

c

d

e

O₂

C₆H₁₂O₆

CO₂

sunlight

H₂O

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Investigators collected the data pictured in the data table during an investigation related to photosynthesis. What was the question the investigators were trying to answer when they collected the data?

• What is the effect of temperature on photosynthesis?
• How does soil type influence plant growth?
• How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

• What role do nutrients play in photosynthesis?

Answer explanation

Varying the distance of the light source changes the light intensity. That is the IV in this experiment, and the effect of the light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis (as measured by the number of oxygen bubbles produced) is what they were investigating.

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