Quiz about CH8: Earth's Origin

Question 1

What formed from a huge cloud of gases and particles pulled together by gravity?

Accepted Answer

A star

Answer

A planet

Answer

A black hole

Answer

A galaxy

Question 2

Fill in the blank: Earth remained a mass of liquid rock for ________ of years.

Accepted Answer

billions

Answer

millions

Answer

thousands

Answer

hundreds

Question 3

What are examples of dynamism in the dynamic geosphere?

Accepted Answer

Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes

Answer

Photosynthesis and respiration

Answer

Evaporation and condensation

Answer

Magnetism and electricity

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Weathering, erosion, and deposition break down rock, move sediment, and form ________ rock.

Accepted Answer

sedimentary

Answer

igneous

Answer

metamorphic

Answer

volcanic

Question 5

Geologists use relative dating to place rocks in chronological order by:

Accepted Answer

observing the position of rock layers.

Answer

using radiometric dating techniques.

Answer

comparing the age of rock layers with fossils.

Answer

analyzing the chemical composition of rocks.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The geologic time scale is based on relative and absolute dating. The divisions are ________, ________, and ________.

Accepted Answer

The divisions are eons, eras, and periods.

Answer

The divisions are epochs, ages, and phases.

Answer

The divisions are centuries, decades, and years.

Answer

The divisions are cycles, stages, and intervals.

Question 7

Scientists hypothesize about early Earth that it was:

Accepted Answer

a molten mass with volcanic activity

Answer

a barren wasteland with no atmosphere

Answer

a lush paradise with abundant life

Answer

a frozen ice world

Question 8

The theory of plate tectonics is:

Accepted Answer

a scientific theory explaining the movement of the Earth's lithosphere.

Answer

a theory about the formation of stars.

Answer

a hypothesis about the extinction of dinosaurs.

Answer

a concept related to the water cycle.

Question 9

Earth's thin, solid, outer skin is called the ____

Accepted Answer

crust

Answer

mantle

Answer

core

Answer

atmosphere

Question 10

A mostly solid shell that stretches from the crust to a depth of 2900 kilometers is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

mantle

Answer

core

Answer

crust

Answer

lithosphere

Question 11

The incredibly hot layer of Earth below the mantle is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

core

Answer

crust

Answer

lithosphere

Answer

asthenosphere

Question 12

The theory of plate tectonics explains the movement of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Continental and oceanic plates

Answer

Atmospheric layers

Answer

Ocean currents

Answer

Mountain ranges

Question 13

What processes change rock?

Accepted Answer

Weathering and erosion

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Evaporation

Question 14

Which fossils do Location 1 and 2 have in common?

Accepted Answer

A

Accepted Answer

C

Accepted Answer

D

Question 15

What can we then say about the relative ages of fossils A, B, C, E, and F based only on fossil D? How?

Accepted Answer

Fossils A, B, and C are all younger than D, while fossils E and F are older because they are deeper down.

Answer

Fossils A, B, C, E, and F are all older than D.

Answer

Fossils A, B, C, E, and F are all younger than D.

Answer

Fossils A and B are older than D, while C, E, and F are younger.

Question 16

What is a half-life? A half-life is the time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. True or False?

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 17

The geologic time scale was established by:

Accepted Answer

studying rock layers and index fossils

Answer

analyzing climate patterns

Answer

observing animal behavior

Answer

measuring ocean currents

Question 18

The sequence of events in the Miller-Urey Experiment is described in the text as:

Accepted Answer

A series of chemical reactions simulating early Earth conditions.

Answer

A demonstration of the theory of evolution.

Answer

A study of the effects of climate change.

Answer

An analysis of the human genome.

Question 19

Summarize the RNA World Hypothesis based on the information provided.

Accepted Answer

The RNA World Hypothesis suggests that early life forms relied on RNA for both genetic information and catalytic functions.

Answer

The RNA World Hypothesis proposes that DNA was the first genetic material, followed by RNA and proteins.

Answer

The RNA World Hypothesis states that proteins were the first molecules to store genetic information.

Answer

The RNA World Hypothesis claims that life originated from simple inorganic molecules without any genetic material.

Question 20

The role of the biosphere as a force in planetary evolution is described in the text as:

Accepted Answer

a significant influence on climate and atmospheric conditions

Answer

a minor factor in geological processes

Answer

irrelevant to the development of life

Answer

a temporary phase in Earth's history

Question 21

What do scientists know about the earliest eukaryotes according to the text?

Accepted Answer

Scientists know that the earliest eukaryotes were single-celled organisms.

Answer

Scientists know that the earliest eukaryotes were multi-celled organisms.

Answer

Scientists know that the earliest eukaryotes were plants.

Answer

Scientists know that the earliest eukaryotes were animals.

Question 22

The endosymbiotic theory is explained as:

Accepted Answer

A theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.

Answer

A theory that describes the process of photosynthesis in plants.

Answer

A theory that outlines the principles of natural selection.

Answer

A theory that details the structure of the DNA molecule.

Question 23

Scientists hypothesize about the origin of life.

Accepted Answer

It began in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

Answer

It was created by extraterrestrial beings.

Answer

It started from a single-celled organism.

Answer

It originated from a chemical reaction in the ocean.

Question 24

Which organelle developed from ancient photosynthetic bacteria within a primitive eukaryote?

Accepted Answer

chloroplast

Answer

mitochondria

Answer

nucleus

Answer

ribosome

Question 25

From which cell type do fungi evolve?

Accepted Answer

primitive aerobic eukaryote

Answer

prokaryotic cell

Answer

anaerobic eukaryote

Answer

photosynthetic eukaryote

Question 26

Mitochondria serve a specific purpose in eukaryotic organisms. What is this purpose, and what evidence supports the hypothesis that they were once free-living cells?

Accepted Answer

Energy production; presence of their own DNA and double membrane

Answer

Protein synthesis; lack of ribosomes

Answer

Photosynthesis; presence of chlorophyll

Answer

Cell division; ability to replicate independently

Question 27

What do fossils reveal about ancient life?

Accepted Answer

Fossils reveal the evolution and extinction of ancient life.

Answer

Fossils reveal the diet and behavior of ancient life.

Answer

Fossils reveal the climate and environment of ancient life.

Answer

Fossils reveal the size and shape of ancient life.

Question 28

When environmental conditions change, individuals that have favorable adaptations are able to ______ and pass down their advantageous traits.

Accepted Answer

survive

Answer

migrate

Answer

hibernate

Answer

perish

Question 29

Fill in the blank: When two species evolve in response to or with each other, it is called ______.

Accepted Answer

co-evolution

Answer

symbiosis

Answer

mutation

Answer

natural selection

Question 30

Climate change has affected the history of life by:

Accepted Answer

causing mass extinctions and altering habitats

Answer

having no significant impact

Answer

improving biodiversity

Answer

stabilizing global temperatures

Question 31

What patterns can be observed in the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary changes over time

Answer

Random distribution of species

Answer

No discernible patterns

Answer

Only marine life fossils

Question 32

Which clade is not part of the Dinosauria clade?

Accepted Answer

Crocodiles

Answer

Ornithischians

Answer

Sauropods

Answer

Aves

Question 33

Which clade contains Archaeopteryx?

Accepted Answer

Aves

Answer

Crocodiles

Answer

Ornithischians

Answer

Sauropods

Question 34

What does 'extinct' mean?

Accepted Answer

Having no living members.

Answer

Being in danger of disappearing.

Answer

Thriving in large numbers.

Answer

Recently discovered.

Question 35

What is 'background extinction'?

Accepted Answer

Extinction caused by the slow and steady process of natural selection.

Answer

Extinction caused by catastrophic events.

Answer

Extinction due to human activities.

Answer

Extinction of species in a specific habitat.

Question 36

What is 'mass extinction'?

Accepted Answer

An event during which many species become extinct during a relatively short period of time.

Answer

A process of gradual adaptation of species to their environment.

Answer

A phenomenon where a single species dominates an ecosystem.

Answer

A natural event that leads to the formation of new species.

Question 37

How fast does evolution take place?

Accepted Answer

Over millions of years

Answer

Instantly

Answer

Over a few years

Answer

It varies significantly

Question 38

What is the definition of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

D) Evolution of similar characteristics in unrelated organisms

Answer

A) Evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time

Answer

B) Evolution in which long, stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

Answer

C) Process by which a single species or a small group of species evolves into several different forms

Question 39

What is the definition of coevolution?

Accepted Answer

D) Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time

Answer

A) Evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time

Answer

B) Evolution in which long, stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

Answer

C) Process by which a single species or a small group of species evolves into several different forms

Question 40

Two species evolve in response to each other over time

Accepted Answer

B. coevolution

Answer

A. convergent evolution

Answer

C. adaptive radiation

Question 41

Have changes in climate occurred in the past? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

Yes, changes in climate have occurred in the past, such as the Ice Age.

Answer

No, climate has remained constant throughout history.

Answer

Climate changes are only a recent phenomenon due to human activity.

Answer

Climate changes have occurred only in the last century.

Question 42

A mass extinction is defined by what criteria, and what are the immediate effects on biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

A significant and rapid decrease in biodiversity, leading to the loss of many species.

Answer

A gradual change in climate affecting only a few species.

Answer

An increase in biodiversity due to new species emerging.

Answer

A slow and steady evolution of species over millions of years.

CH8: Earth's Origin

45 questions

What formed from a huge cloud of gases and particles pulled together by gravity?

Fill in the blank: Earth remained a mass of liquid rock for ________ of years.

What are examples of dynamism in the dynamic geosphere?

Fill in the blank: Weathering, erosion, and deposition break down rock, move sediment, and form ________ rock.

Geologists use relative dating to place rocks in chronological order by:

Fill in the blank: The geologic time scale is based on relative and absolute dating. The divisions are , , and .

Scientists hypothesize about early Earth that it was:

The theory of plate tectonics is:

Earth's thin, solid, outer skin is called the ____

A mostly solid shell that stretches from the crust to a depth of 2900 kilometers is called the ____.

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